Cognitive Radio Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) on “Environment Awareness – 1”.
1. Which among the following is not feature of environment awareness core?
a) Propagation channel characteristics
b) Topographical information
c) Meteorological information
d) Security
Answer: d
Clarification: Environment awareness engine consists of environment sensing, environment awareness core, and environment adaption. The type of information required, means to acquire the information, and utilization of collected information are concerns of environment awareness engine.
2. ____ is the practice describing the arrangement of a particular place.
a) Topology
b) Topography
c) Digital elevation model
d) Time mapping
Answer: b
Clarification: Topography describes the shapes and features of land surface. It provides accurate and detailed description of a place, city, town, or any tract of land. It includes vegetation and human made structures.
3. Which among the following is not an example of topographical application?
a) Geoscience
b) Topographic maps
c) Nano-topography
d) Networking
Answer: d
Clarification: One of the main applications of topography is topographic maps. There are applications being developed where a captured image is used as input to gather information on the location and environment. This is feature of interest for location and environmental awareness in cognitive radio.
4. ____ is the science of quantitative land surface analysis.
a) Geology
b) Geography
c) Geoscience
d) Geomorphometry
Answer: d
Clarification: Geomorphometry involves describing the terrain, the three dimensional quality of the surface, and the identification of landmarks. It uses mathematical, statistical, and image processing techniques to describe the land surface.
5. Propagation characteristics provide _________
a) characteristics of atmosphere
b) characteristics of weather
c) characteristics of signal progression
d) characteristics of traffic
Answer: c
Clarification: Propagation characteristics provide information on signal progression through a medium or channel environment. It studies the effect of channel on a signal.
6. ________ provides information on path loss behaviour.
a) Very large scale statistics
b) Large scale statistics
c) Small scale statistics
d) Very small scale statistics
Answer: b
Clarification: Large scale statistics provides information on path loss behaviour of channel environment. Small scale statistics provides information on variations caused in the received signal in time and frequency due to short displacements.
7. Which among the following is a step in defining propagation characteristics in environment awareness engine using cognitive radio?
a) Terrain mapping
b) Temperature monitory
c) Object tracking
d) Channel environment adaption
Answer: d
Clarification: The first step in defining propagation characteristics using cognitive radio is environment recognition and classification. It is followed by obtaining the parameters necessary for statistical propagation model. The final step is channel environment adaption.
8. The traditional means for obtaining propagation channel characteristics is called ____
a) statistical signal modeling
b) statistical channel modeling
c) propagation channel modeling
d) statistical modeling
Answer: c
Clarification: Propagation channel modeling involves performing extensive measurements and data processing to define propagation channel characteristics. Delay spread, Doppler spread, and angular speed are few channel characteristics.
9. Objects are ____ in the context of environment awareness.
a) land forms
b) landmarks
c) human made entities
d) natural entities
Answer: c
Clarification: Objects are human made entities present in the target environment permanently or temporarily in the context of environment awareness. Vehicles, appliances, packages are few examples of objects. However structures such as buildings are not considered as objects.
10. Bat echolocation is employed in ____
a) cognitive radar
b) cognitive triangulation
c) cognitive phase shift method
d) cognitive taping
Answer: a
Clarification: Bat echolocation is employed in cognitive radar and cognitive sonar. An important feature of environment awareness is object detection, identification, and tracking. These features have direct effect on the environment. Cognitive radar and cognitive sonar may accomplish these specified requirements.
11. Meteorological information on ____ of the target region.
a) channel
b) structure
c) weather
d) relief
Answer: c
Clarification: Meteorological information on weather of the target region and its effect on signal propagation. Weather conditions such as snow, rain, temperature, humidity, and pressure have an effect on signal propagation and are measured using sensors.
12. Which among the following can be used as a metric for studying the effect of rain on signal propagation?
a) Symbol rate
b) Bit rate
c) Carrier to interference ratio
d) Delay spread
vAnswer: c
Clarification: Meteorological information is studied to adapt the radio in accordance to the weather condition. Rain might induce carrier to interference ratio degradation, carrier to interference ratio improvement, or it might result in any change.
13. LOS – NLOS identification is a ____ application.
a) location based service
b) location assisted network optimisation
c) location assisted transceiver optimization
d) location assisted environment identification