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Basic Civil Engineering Multiple Choice Questions on “Environmental Engineering”.
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1. The living environment, the biosphere consists of __________ components.
a) 2
b) 4
c) 1
d) 3
Answer: d
Clarification: The biosphere consists of 3 components – land (lithosphere), water (hydrosphere) and air (atmosphere). They are all necessary for life to sustain on earth.
2. The presence of gas in water is indicated by:
a) Fizzing sound
b) Foam
c) Bubbles
d) Colour change
Answer: b
Clarification: Water may be polluted by the presence of some unpleasant gases from industries. They are recognized by the foaming of water.
3. To test turbidity of polluted water in the field, _________ is used.
a) Baylis Turbidimeter
b) Jackson Turbidimeter
c) Turbidity tube
d) Turbidity rod
Answer: d
Clarification: The first three options are used to test turbidity in the lab. The turbidity rod is a graduated aluminium rod.
4. Refuse may be of _________ types.
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Answer: a
Clarification: The rejected materials which are collected in dustbins and the foul discharges that are carried by underground drains are termed as refuse. It may be dry refuse (grass, paper, cloth, vegetable peels) or wet refuse (urinals, kitchen discharges).
5. In the method of trenching, the size of the trench may be:
a) 12 x 5 x 2m
b) 15 x 5 x 3m
c) 12 x 3 x 2m
d) 15 x 5 x 5m
Answer: c
Clarification: Trenching is a method of disposing of solid waste. Trench is dug of size 12 x 3 x 2m, waste is filled and levelled and then covered with a layer of earth or ash.
6. Hydrogen Peroxide is generated from:
a) Photochemical smog products
b) Explosive manufacturing industry
c) Automobile exhausts
d) Thermal power plants
Answer: a
Clarification: It is generated from the photochemical smog products. It is a common pollutant in the air and can cause lungs irritation when inhaled.
7. When some chemical is mixed with water, _________ is formed.
a) Solution
b) Floc
c) Bubbles
d) Foam
Answer: b
Clarification: Coagulation can be explained by this method. Floc is the thick gelatinous precipitate which forms when chemicals (coagulants) are mixed with water.
8. Which of the below leads to disturbance of nitrogen fixation in the soil?
a) Urban waste
b) Fertilizers
c) Pesticides
d) Industrial effluents
Answer: b
Clarification: Use of excess fertilizers destroys the microbial plant life in the soil. It leads to disturbance of nitrogen fixation, which is an essential process in soil.
9. _________ is the simplest equipment used for collection of solid particulates.
a) Inertial separators
b) Filters
c) Settling chamber
d) Cyclones
Answer: c
Clarification: It consists of a chamber in which the velocity of carrier gas is reduced in order to allow particulates to settle out of moving stream under the action of gravity.
10. Pollution cases can be classified into _________ types.
a) 4
b) 2
c) 5
d) 6
Answer: b
Clarification: There can be two types based on special dimensions. They are localised pollution cases (spill accidents) and diffused pollution cases.
11. _________ is a raw material sent to and processed in a waste recycling plant.
a) Recyclant
b) Nodules
c) Particulars
d) Recyclate
Answer: d
Clarification: It is used to form new products. For example, plastic bottles can be a recyclate. It is Collected and processed to manufacture new ones.
12. What are the main constituents of the environmental cycles?
a) Water cycle and food cycle
b) Water cycle and nutrient cycle
c) Nutrient cycle
d) Water cycle and air cycle
Answer: b
Clarification: The environmental cycles are natural processes in which the different elements of the environment are cycled in various forms. These include the water cycle and nutrient cycle (which include Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Phosphorus cycles, etc.
13. Failures within hydrosphere in oxygen cycle can result in the development of:
a) Hyperoxic zones
b) Hypoxic zones
c) Hydrolic zones
d) Hydroxic zones
Answer: b
Clarification: Hypoxic zones are also called dead zones. These are areas with low oxygen content and can be inhabitable for living organisms. Any failure in the hydrosphere within oxygen cycle can lead to the formation of hypoxic zones.