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Optical Communications Multiple Choice Questions on “Optical Network Concepts”.
1. Each stage of information transfer is required to follow the fundamentals of ____________
a) Optical interconnection
b) Optical hibernation
c) Optical networking
d) Optical regeneration
Answer: c
Explanation: Optical networking uses optical fiber as a transmission medium. It provides a connection between users to enable them to communicate with each other by transporting information from a source to a destination.
2. ____________ is a multi-functional element of optical network.
a) Hop
b) Optical node
c) Wavelength
d) Optical attenuation
Answer: b
Explanation: An optical node is a multi-functional element which acts as a transceiver unit capable of receiving, transmitting and processing the optical signal. The optical nodes are interconnected with optical fiber links.
3. A signal carried on a dedicated wavelength from source to destination node is known as a ___________
a) Light path
b) Light wave
c) Light node
d) Light source
Answer: a
Explanation: A light path is a dedicated path from a source to a destination. The data can be sent over the light paths as soon as connections are set up. A controlling mechanism is present to control the data flow.
4. The fundamentals of optical networking are divided into _______ areas.
a) Two
b) One
c) Four
d) Three
Answer: d
Explanation: The fundamentals divided into three areas contain mainly optical network terminology. The other two areas include functions and types of optical network node and switching elements and the wavelength division multiplexed optical networks.
5. The optical networking fundamentals are _____________ of the transmission techniques.
a) Dependent
b) Independent
c) Similar
d) Dissimilar
Answer: b
Explanation: The optical networking fundamentals include transfer of data. Irrespective of the difference in the transmission techniques, the fiber networking fundamentals remain the same.
6. The network structure formed due to the interconnectivity patterns is known as a ____________
a) Network
b) Struck
c) Topology
d) D-pattern
Answer: c
Explanation: A topology is a combination of patterns interconnected to each other. It provides connection patterns to users at different places. It embarks on the principle of multi-usability.
7. In the __________ topology, the data generally circulates bi-directionally.
a) Mesh
b) Bus
c) Star
d) Ring
Answer: b
Explanation: In a bus topology, data is input via four port couplers. The couplers couples and stations the data bi-directionally and are removed from the same ports.
8. The ring and star topologies are combined in a ________ configuration.
a) Mesh
b) Fringe
c) Data
d) Singular
Answer: a
Explanation: The mesh configuration is a combination of ring and star topologies. It is referred to as full-mesh when each network node is interconnected with all nodes in the network.
9. The full-mesh configuration is complex.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Explanation: The full-mesh topology is a combination of two or more topologies. It is often preferred for the provision of either a logical or virtual topology due to its high flexibility and interconnectivity features.
10. How many networking modes are available to establish a transmission path?
a) Three
b) One
c) Two
d) Four
Answer: c
Explanation: There are two networking modes often referred to the networking. These are connection-oriented and connectionless networking modes. These include an end-to-end and bidirectional communication environment between source and destination.
11. Packet switching is also called as ___________
a) Frame switching
b) Cell switching
c) Trans-switching
d) Buffer switching
Answer: b
Explanation: In packet or cell switching, messages are sent in small packets called cells. Cells from different sources are statistically multiplexed and are sent to the destinations.
12. ___________ mode is temporary, selective and continuous.
a) Cell switching
b) Buffer switching
c) Cache
d) Circuit switching
Answer: d
Explanation: An end-to-end connection is required for a circuit switching to take place. The transmissions are continuous and are in real time. Once the transmission is complete, the connection is ended.
13. A _______________ is a series of logical connections between the source and destination nodes.
a) Cell circuit
b) Attenuation circuit
c) Virtual circuit
d) Switched network
Answer: c
Explanation: A virtual circuit consists of different routes which provide connections between sending and receiving devices. These routes can change at any time and the incoming return route does not have to mirror the outgoing route.
14. ____________ refers to the process whereby a node finds one or more paths to possible destinations in a network.
a) Routing
b) Framing
c) Lightning
d) Cloning
Answer: a
Explanation: Routing refers to the path finding process in a network. In this, the control and data functions are performed to identify the route and to handle the data during the journey from source to destination.
15. How many stages are possessed by the control plane?
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) Five
Answer: b
Explanation: The routing process called as control plane has three stages. These are neighbor discovery, topology discovery and path selection. These stages enable the network in routing mechanisms efficiently.
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