Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions on “Phonocardiography (PCG)”.
1. An arrhythmia monitor is basically a ______
a) Sophisticated monitoring system
b) Sophisticated alarm system
c) Patient monitoring system
d) ECG interpretation system
Answer: b
Clarification: An arrhythmia monitor is basically a sophisticated alarm system. It is not an ECG interpretation system. It constantly scans ECG rhythm patterns and issues alarms to events that may be premonitory or life threatening.
2. In arrhythmia monitoring system, it gives alarm light signals whenever the prematured or widened ectopic beats exist up to the rate of ___________
a) 6/min to 10/min
b) 6/min to 12/min
c) 6/min or 10/min
d) 6/min or 12/min
Answer: d
Clarification: In arrhythmia monitoring instrument, it gives alarm light signals whenever the prematured or widened ectopic beat exist up to the rate of 6/min or 12/min.It is one of the operating sequences of the arrhythmia monitoring instrument.
3. In automated arrhythmia monitoring system, which task is performed after the Ventricular fibrillation detection?
a) Rhythm definition
b) Beat labeling
c) Atrial fibrillation detection
d) Noise detection
Answer: a
Clarification: In automated arrhythmia monitoring system, Rhythm definition is performed after the Ventricular fibrillation detection. Rhythm definition is also performed after the beat labeling and atrial fibrillation detection in automated arrhythmia monitoring and analysis system.
4. In signal conditioning, ECG signal is amplified, filtered with 0.05-100 Hz for monitoring purposes and 1-40 Hz for diagnostic purposes.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: ECG signal is amplified and filtered with 0.05-100 Hz for diagnostic purposes and 1-40 Hz for monitoring purposes in signal conditioning.
5. Which analog-to-digital converter is used in the digitization of ECG signal in signal conditioning?
a) 16 bit
b) 12 bit
c) 32 bit
d) 64 bit
Answer: b
Clarification: In signal conditioning, ECG signal is amplified, filtered and digitized using an 8 or 12 bit analog-to-digital converter with a typical sampling rate of 250 Hz.
6. By using a _________ rather than a _________ the amplitude of low frequency noise as well as the low frequency components of the ECG will be reduced without affecting the QRS.
a) High-pass filter, Band-pass filter
b) Low-pass filter, Band-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter, Low-pass filter
d) Band-pass filter, High-pass filter
Answer: c
Clarification: The maximum of the QRS energy spectrum is in the vicinity of 10 Hz, the filter is designed to have a bandwidth of about 15 Hz with a centre frequency of 10-12 Hz. By using a bandpass filter rather than a low-pass filter, the amplitude of low frequency noise as well as the low frequency components of the ECG will be reduced without affecting the QRS.
7. The steep, large amplitude variation of the QRS complex is the obvious characteristics to use and this is the function of the R wave detector.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Arrhythmia monitors require reliable R wave detectors as a prerequisite for subsequent analysis. The steep, large amplitude variation of the QRS complex is the obvious characteristics to use and this is the function of the R wave detector.
8. In the process of the ECG waveform, the detection filter removes _______ and _______
a) Baseline wander, motion noise
b) Muscle artifact, motion noise
c) Low frequency noise, motion noise
d) Baseline wander, muscle artifact
Answer: c
Clarification: The ECG waveform is processed by two digital filters: a detection filter and a classification filter. The detection filter removes low frequency noise (baseline wander) and muscle artifact. P waves and T waves are diminished.
9. How many steps are there in QRS detection?
a) Three steps
b) Two steps
c) Four steps
d) One step