Total Quality Management Multiple Choice Questions on “Seven Tools of Quality – Histogram and Pareto Diagram”.
1. The frequency distribution of a numerical data can be graphically represented by a ______
a) Histogram
b) Telegram
c) Monogram
d) Anagram
Answer: a
Clarification: The histogram is a graphical representation of the frequency distribution of a numerical data. It is a bar chart/diagram. The data is represented in the form of rectangles of varying heights and equal widths.
2. Which of the following type of histogram represents a normal distribution?
a) Bell-shaped
b) Comb
c) Skewed
d) Plateau
Answer: a
Clarification: Bell-shaped histogram represents a normal distribution. It has a symmetrical shape with a peak in the middle.
3. Pareto diagram is named after ________
a) Vilfredo Pareto
b) William Deming
c) Joseph Juran
d) Philip Crosby
Answer: a
Clarification: Pareto diagram is named after Vilfredo Pareto. He was an Italian economist. It is used to find out the ‘vital few’ from the ‘trivial many’.
4. Which of the following tool can be used as a risk assessment technique from activity level to system level?
a) Pareto diagram
b) Demand forecasting
c) Benchmarking
d) Job Scheduling
Answer: a
Clarification: Pareto diagram tool can be used as a risk assessment technique from activity level to system level. It is used when one has to prioritize problems based on relative importance.
5. Pareto analysis is also known by _______
a) 80/20 rule
b) Demand forecasting
c) Benchmarking
d) Job Scheduling
Answer: a
Clarification: Pareto analysis is also known by 80/20 rule. It means by focusing on 20% work we can get 80% benefit. Pareto diagram is named after Vilfredo Pareto.
6. Which of the following type of histogram represents two normal distributions with two peaks in the middle?
a) Double-peaked
b) Bell-shaped
c) Plateau
d) Edged peak
Answer: a
Clarification: Double-peaked histogram represents two normal distributions with two peaks in the middle. It indicates that more than one distribution at work.
7. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of using histogram?
a) Exact values cannot be read as data is divided in different categories
b) Can be used only with continuous data
c) Two data sets are difficult to compare
d) Relative frequency of occurrences can be found out
Answer: d
Clarification: The following are the disadvantages of using histogram: Exact values cannot be read as data is divided in different categories, it can be used only with continuous data, and two data sets are difficult to compare. Relative frequency of occurrences can be found out which is considered to be an advantage of using histogram.
8. Which of the following is not a type of histogram?
a) Isolated peak
b) Comb
c) Truncated
d) Pie Chart
Answer: d
Clarification: Isolated peak, comb, and truncated are different types of histogram. Pie Chart is another statistical tool like histogram to represent data.
9. Which of the following type of histogram looks like a normal distribution whose some part has been removed leading to an asymmetrical shape?
a) Isolated peak
b) Comb
c) Truncated
d) Pie Chart
Answer: c
Clarification: Truncated histogram looks like a normal distribution whose some part has been removed. It leads to the truncated histogram having an asymmetrical shape.
10. Which of the following type of histogram looks like a normal distribution with a large peak at one end?
a) Isolated peak
b) Comb
c) Edged peak
d) Pie Chart
Answer: c
Clarification: Edged peak histogram looks like a normal distribution with a large peak at one end. It indicates errors in data recording. The histogram is a graphical representation of the frequency distribution of a numerical data.