Environmental Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions on “Microbial Transformations of Pesticides – Halogen Reactions”.
1. Which of the following is not a process of integration of halogen reactions?
a) In situ
b) Extensive
c) Biological
d) Physical
Answer: d
Clarification: Process integration is achieved by a combination of processes like In situ or ex situ, extensive or intensive, Biological and chemical method, hence, physical method is not used in this process.
2. Pick-and-mix approach makes the process integration a flexible approach in cleaning up the land.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Pick-and-mix approach is a flexible approach in cleaning up the land as it offers a wide range of potential in soil remediation. And it helps to cover up cleaning up the land, the entire land which makes the process more flexible.
3. Which of the following processes doesn’t come under phyto-remediation of halogen reactions?
a) Bio-accumulation
b) Concentration and excavation
c) Phytoextraction
d) Phytostabilisation
Answer: b
Clarification: Bio-accumulation, Phytoextraction, pytostabilisation is collectively known as phytoremediation and concentration and excavation is a physical method of treatment of contaminants and doesn’t require the use of plants.
4. Which of the following is the most reliable method of halogen reactions?
a) Bio-magnification
b) Bio-remediation
c) Lyophilization
d) Chemical method
Answer: b
Clarification: Bio-remediation is the most efficient method as it uses biological organisms which is also environment friendly, Chemical method requires comparatively higher temperature and pressure, lyophilization is a process of freeze drying, Bio-magnification is the process by which toxic substances get deposited in the food chain.
5. Which of the following can be used to degrade typical contaminants using carbon source for their growth?
a) Microbes
b) Chemicals
c) Quorum quenching
d) Lyophilization
Answer: a
Clarification: Microbes use carbon source to grow degrading soil contaminants, chemicals don’t use carbon sources for growth as it isn’t a living entity, quorum quenching leads to inhibition of quorum sensing and lyophilization is a process of freeze drying.
6. Which of the following doesn’t have higher potential to halogen reactions?
a) Bacteria
b) Plants
c) Fungi
d) Pathogens
Answer: d
Clarification: Bacteria, fungi and plant have potential advantage over other methods of soil treatment as it is eco-friendly whereas pathogens are the microorganisms that cause diseases.
7. Which of the following processes uses hydroponics to remove water contaminants?
a) Rhizofiltration
b) Pollution control
c) Antibiotic development
d) Manufacturing process
Answer: a
Clarification: Rhizofiltration processes uses hydroponics to remove water contaminants, Pollution control works for environmental sustainability, Manufacturing process is related to production industry whereas antibiotic development comes under a field that work towards human health improvement.
8. Which of the following process uses microorganisms utilize contaminants as their food sources thereby degrading them in the process?
a) Inorganic compounds
b) Isolated bio-components
c) Toxic compounds
d) Mineralisation
Answer: d
Clarification: In Mineralisation process microorganisms utilize contaminants as their food sources thereby degrading them, isolated bio-components are used in the biological treatment removing toxic compounds and inorganic compounds but these are not processing.
9. Decomposition of remains from mineralization process.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Decomposition of remains from the mineralization process is done by other microbes present the soil, they do it by utilizing the remaining contaminants as food source and by entering the food chain of primary producers, increasing dissolved oxygen is the context related to biochemical oxygen demand of water and methane gas is produced as a result of activity of methanogens.
10. Co-metabolism is a process in which contaminants is again taken up by the microorganisms and is used as a food source.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Co-metabolism is a process in which contaminants is again taken up by the microorganisms but is not used as a food source second time. It also refers to as degradation of two compounds together, but the second process in dependent on the first process.
11. Immobilization is used to remove which type of contaminants?
a) Hydrogen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon monoxide
d) Metals
Answer: d
Clarification: Immobilization is used to remove metal contaminants by the process of bio-accumulation and absorption by microorganisms, Carbon monoxide, hydrogen and nitrogen is the natural constitution of air and is not a pollutant.
12. Which of the following is a process of immobilization?
a) Bio-accumulation
b) Bio-remediation
c) Bio-degradation
d) Bio-magnification
Answer: a
Clarification: Immobilization uses Bio-accumulation processes, Bio-magnification is the process by which toxic substances get deposited in the food chain, bio-degradation is the process that leads to degradation of compounds with the help of bacteria, Bio remediation is a process that uses microbial processes and converts toxic substances into less toxic or usable forms.
13. Halogen reactions is most suitable for the degradation of which of the following?
a) Methane
b) Nitrogen
c) Organic chemicals
d) Carbon dioxide
Answer: c
Clarification: Bio-remediation is most suitable for the degradation of organic chemicals, methane is produced by microorganisms, CO2 and nitrogen are not pollutants and hence, are not suitable for the degradation.
14. Bio-remediation can also be used to degrade which of the following compounds?
a) Methane
b) Nitrogen
c) Radionuclides
d) Carbon dioxide
Answer: c
Clarification: Radionuclides are also removed by bio-remediation, methane is produced by microorganisms, CO2 and nitrogen are not pollutants which can be used to degrade by using bio-remediation.
15. Which of the following is not suitable for treatment by bio-remediation?
a) Hydrocarbons
b) Fungicides
c) Surfactants
d) Multiple sclerosis
Answer: d
Clarification: Hydrocarbons, fungicides, surfactants can be effectively removed by bio-remediation and multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease, so, it’s not a suitable for treatment by bio-remediation, it’s a disease.