Environmental Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions on “Microalgal Culture – Mass Cultivation Techniques”.
1. Algal cultivation does not require which of the following minerals and growth-promoting nutrients?
a) Phosphorus
b) Carbon
c) Minerals
d) Uranium
Answer: d
Clarification: Uranium is considered to be a toxic metal and it cannot help in promoting growth of algae. However, Phosphorus, Carbon, Minerals and other chemicals are required for Algal cultivation along with some growth-promoting nutrients.
2. Which of the nutrient mixture is most suitable for almost all algae?
a) Membrane permeability rate
b) Walne medium
c) MacConkey agar
d) M9 medium
Answer: b
Clarification: Membrane permeability rate is the factor that influence the uptake of toxicants during bio accumulation, whereas, MacConkey agar and M9 medium are various nutrient media for growing various organisms or bacteria. Walne medium is most suitable for almost all algae, it is basically a nutrient mixture for promoting algal growth.
3. Which of following foreign substances are chemical in nature and naturally found within an organism?
a) Xenobiotics
b) Bio-leaching
c) Bio-remediation
d) Bio-fortification
Answer: a
Clarification: Xenobiotics are the foreign substances which are chemical in nature found and within an organism which is produced naturally by the body or they may be present in excess amounts than usual, Bio-remediation is a process used to treat contaminated media using microbial methods, bio-fortification is a process which is used to increase the nutritional quality of crops, bio-leaching is a process used for extraction of metals.
4. Xenobiotic is classified into endogenous and exogenous groups.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Xenobiotic is the chemical substance found in an organism. These are the foreign substances which are chemical in nature found and within an organism and can be classified into two groups such as endogenous and exogenous.
5. Which of the following xenobiotic compounds does not come under exogenous group?
a) Iron
b) Drugs
c) Food additives
d) Carcinogens
Answer: a
Clarification: Iron is present as a natural constituency in the blood of an organism but certain substances like Drugs, Food additives, Carcinogens are transferred to an organism from outside sources. So, they are categorized under exogenous group.
6. Which of the following xenobiotic compounds does not come under endogenous group?
a) Bilirubin
b) Steroids
c) Bile salts
d) Uranium
Answer: d
Clarification: Bilirubin, steroids and Bile salts are produced by the organism and is not acquired from outside, however Uranium can be acquired from outside source. Hence, Uranium comes under endogenous group.
7. Microalgae can have certain effects on human body like Hypersensitivity.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Some of the drugs which are xenobiotics are harmful to human body can have various effects like Hypersensitivity, autoimmunity etc. However, Microalgae is not known to have any harsh effects human body.
8. Which of the following harmful toxic compound is present in cosmetics?
a) Aluminium
b) Parabens
c) Oxygen
d) Nitrogen
Answer: b
Clarification: Paraben is a neurotoxin compound which is carcinogenic to human body whereas AL, O2 and N2 are not harmful to humans. Recently, parabens were banned from usage in any cosmetic products.
9. Which of the following when injected to an organism can replicate the function of natural endogenic estrogen?
a) Gypsum
b) Citric acid
c) Xenoestrogen
d) Oxalic acid
Answer: c
Clarification: Xenoestrogen is a hormone that have similar functions to natural endogenic estrogen produced by the body of an organism but are chemically different and synthetically administered, Gypsum is the byproduct of the certain acids like Citric acid, Oxalic acid which are released from manufacturing industries, whereas, the byproduct I.e. gypsum is used for sodic soil reclamation.
10. In marine ecosystems, xenobiotic can easily penetrate into the membrane.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Xenobiotic are lipophilic hence, can dissolve into the lipid membranes of the cells hence, penetrating into the membranes by diffusion. These can be transported through blood with the help of lipoproteins.
11. Which of the following process is not included when Xenobiotics are transformed into the metabolism of an organism?
a) Reduction
b) Hydrolysis
c) Photosynthesis
d) Oxidation
Answer: c
Clarification: Oxidation, reduction and Hydrolysis are the following processes included when Xenobiotics are transformed into the metabolism of an organism whereas, Photosynthesis is a plant process. So, photosynthesis is not included in the process.
12. Which of the following helps to increase Xenobiotic metabolism in body?
a) Gypsum
b) Quercetin
c) Citric acid
d) Xenoestrogen
Answer: b
Clarification: Quercetin is a powerful antioxidant that can be used to increase the Xenobiotic metabolism to detoxify the blood, Xenoestrogen is a hormone that have similar functions to natural endogenic estrogen produced by the body of an organism but are chemically different and synthetically administered, Gypsum is the byproduct of the certain acids like Citric acid which is released from manufacturing industries, whereas, the byproduct i.e. gypsum is used for sodic soil reclamation.