Environmental Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions on “Problem Soil Management & Remediation – Process Integration”.
1. Process integration is not achieved by which among the following?
a) In situ or ex situ
b) Extensive or intensive
c) Biological
d) Physical
Answer: d
Clarification: Process integration is achieved by a combination of processes like In situ or ex situ, extensive or intensive, Biological and chemical method, hence, physical method is not used in this process.
2. Pick-and-mix approach makes the process integration a flexible approach in cleaning up the land.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Pick-and-mix approach is a flexible approach in cleaning up the land as it offers a wide range of potential in soil remediation.
3. Which among the following processes doesn’t come under phyto-remediation?
a) Bio-accumulation
b) Concentration and excavation
c) Phytoextraction
d) Phytostabilisation
Answer: b
Clarification: Bio-accumulation, Phytoextraction, pytostabilisation is collectively known as phytoremediation and concentration and excavation is a physical method of treatment of contaminants and doesn’t require the use of plants.
4. Which of the following is the most reliable method of soil remediation?
a) Bio-magnification
b) Bio-remediation
c) Lyophilization
d) Chemical method
Answer: b
Clarification: Bio-remediation is the most efficient method as it uses biological organisms which is also environment friendly, Chemical method requires comparatively higher temperature and pressure, lyophilization is a process of freeze drying, Bio-magnification is the process by which toxic substances get deposited in the food chain.
5. ____________ can be used to degrade typical contaminants using carbon source for their growth.
a) Microbes
b) Chemicals
c) Quorum quenching
d) Lyophilization
Answer: a
Clarification: Microbes use carbon source to grow degrading soil contaminants, chemicals don’t use carbon sources for growth as it isn’t a living entity, quorum quenching leads to inhibition of quorum sensing and lyophilization is a process of freeze drying.
6. Which among the following doesn’t have higher potential to soil remediation?
a) Bacteria
b) Plants
c) Fungi
d) Pathogens
Answer: d
Clarification: Bacteria, fungi and plant have potential advantage over other methods of soil treatment as it is eco-friendly whereas pathogens are the microorganisms that cause diseases.
7. Which of the following processes uses hydroponics to remove water contaminants?
a) Rhizofiltration
b) Pollution control
c) Antibiotic development
d) Manufacturing process
Answer: a
Clarification: Rhizofiltration processes uses hydroponics to remove water contaminants, Pollution control works for environmental sustainability, Manufacturing process is related to production industry whereas antibiotic development comes under a field that work towards human health improvement.
8. The process by which microorganisms utilize contaminants as their food sources thereby degrading them is called as ____________
a) Inorganic compounds
b) Isolated bio-components
c) Toxic compounds
d) Mineralisation
Answer: d
Clarification: In Mineralisation process microorganisms utilize contaminants as their food sources thereby degrading them, isolated bio-components are used in the biological treatment removing toxic compounds and inorganic compounds but these are not processing.
9. Decomposition of remains from mineralization process is done by ______
a) Other microorganisms
b) Entering the food chain
c) Increasing dissolved oxygen
d) Producing methane gas
Answer: a
Clarification: Decomposition of remains from the mineralization process is done by other microbes present the soil, they do it by utiliding the remaining contaminants as food source and and by entering the food chain of primary producers, increasing dissolved oxygen is the context related to biochemical oxygen demand of water and methane gas is produced as a result of activity of methanogens.
10. Co-metabolism is a process in which contaminants is again taken up by the microorganisms and is used as a food source.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Co-metabolism is a process in which contaminants is again taken up by the microorganisms but is not used as a food source second time.
11. Immobilization is used to remove which type of contaminants?
a) Hydrogen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon monoxide
d) Metals
Answer: d
Clarification: Immobilization is used to remove metal contaminants by the process of bio-accumulation and absorption by microorganisms, Carbon monoxide, hydrogen and nitrogen is the natural constitution of air and is not a pollutant.
12. Which among the following is a process of immobilization?
a) Bio-accumulation
b) Bio-remediation
c) Bio-degradation
d) Bio-magnification
Answer: a
Clarification: Immobilization uses Bio-accumulation processes, Bio-magnification is the process by which toxic substances get deposited in the food chain, bio-degradation is the process that leads to degradation of compounds with the help of bacteria, Bio remediation is a process that uses microbial processes and converts toxic substances into less toxic or usable forms.
13. Bio-remediation is most suitable for the degradation of __________
a) Methane
b) Nitrogen
c) Organic chemicals
d) Carbon dioxide
Answer: c
Clarification: Bio-remediation is most suitable for the degradation of organic chemicals, methane is produced by microorganisms, CO2 and nitrogen are not pollutants.
14. Bio-remediation can also be used to degrade __________
a) Methane
b) Nitrogen
c) Radionuclides
d) Carbon dioxide
Answer: c
Clarification: Radionuclides are also removed by bio-remediation, methane is produced by microorganisms, CO2 and nitrogen are not pollutants.
15. Which among the following is not suitable for treatment by bio-remediation?
a) Hdrocarbons
b) Fungicides
c) Surfactants
d) Multiple sclerosis
Answer: d
Clarification: Hdrocarbons, fungicides, surfactants can be effectilvely removed by bio-remediation and Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease.