[Biology Class Notes] on Weed Crop Protection Pdf for Exam

Weed is the biggest challenge that farmers and gardeners face. Weed refers to the unwanted plants that grow alongside the main crop in crop fields. Weeds compete with the main crops and plantations. They emerge as the more dominating rivals to the essential crops. All that growth of unwanted grass and plants is known as weed. You are aware that farmers and gardeners use fertilizers and manures to have a good crop; however, the quick-growing population of unwanted weed gives fierce competition to the planted crops. In this section, we will talk about types of weeding and different types of garden weeds

Popular examples of weeds are grass, algae, amaranthus, and chenopodium. These types of unwanted growth compete for essential nutrients and components that are required by the main crops. Besides, the demand increases with growth. These weeds also compete for sunlight, water, and space. Due to the presence of weeds, the yield is severely affected. The quality of the crop or flower suffers a setback. Sometimes, the weeds can become a cause of diseases.

Types of Weeding 

There are different types of weeding methods. The four primary examples of processes include- hand-pulling and cultivation, pre-emergent herbicides, post-emergent herbicides, and mulches,

1. Hand Pulling and Cultivation– it involves hard work. Garners use a shovel to dig individual weeds. A hand cultivator is a rake that removes weeds around plants. Gardeners pull weeds by hand regularly to maintain the appearance of the garden. Cultivation also involves the use of a tiller to turn the soil and chop the weeds.  

2. Pre-emergent Herbicides – Pre-emergent herbicides tackle the weed problems before the nuisance appears above the soil surface. This type of weed killer is applied to the soil surface, preferably after planting annual or perennial plants. One has to mulch the soil surface and sprinkle granular herbicides—watering the surface after the application is necessary to let the herbicide go deep into the soil.

3. Post-emergent Herbicides– Glyphosate- based herbicides attack weeds when they appear above the surface. This type of herbicides soak into the plant leaves, travel into the roots for complete weed removal. The weed has to be in an active growth stage for better results.

4. Mulches– it is an organic method. A thick 3 to 4-inch layer of mulch smothers weeds before the unwanted plants reach maturity and develop seeds. This method offers resistance to the weeds and should be done with regular cultivation to keep weeds under control. 

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Types of Weed Killers 

The different types of weed killer include contact, systematic, residual, selective, selective, and non-selective.  

1. Contact weed killers kill weeds as soon as they come in contact with the contact herbicide.

2. Systemic weed killer herbicides work its way through the unwanted plants’ transport system.  

3. Residual weed killer herbicides application poisons the surrounding soil and makes the weed inactive and useless for further growth.

4. Selective weed killer herbicides work to kill a particular plant while leaving the main plant unharmed.

5. Non-selective weed killers are herbicides which work to kill everything that they come in contact with, like contact weed killer. They work when the main plant is severely damaged.

Integrated Weed Management to Protect Crops

Once a gardener or farmer knows about weeds and unwanted grass, they can develop an integrated weed management program that is an excellent combination of cultural, mechanical and biological practices, such as the following:

1. Crop rotation that ensures soil fertility and economic diversity

2. Planting of cover crops such as cereal rye, sorghum Sudan grass, and oats that inhibit weeds

3. Timing and spacing to suppress late germinating weeds.

4. Use of mulch or a weed-free straw, thick layer of leaf mulch or plastic mulch.  

5. Use of flaming as a pre-emergent tactic to protect crops and plants.

6. Use of organic herbicides, such as vinegar.

About Dandelion Weed 

Dandelions are a type of weed. The quality that makes dandelion different is that a dandelion signals the arrival of spring. The bright yellow flowers grow through lawns and appear between cracks in the driveways, sidewalks and footpaths. Dandelions are perennial and grow throughout the year. Surprisingly, dandelions have medicinal uses and can be eaten in salads. However, many people choose to eliminate them as the growth may lead to cracks. It is possible to use herbicide to eliminate dandelions, but the most effective way is to pluck it from the roots.