[Chemistry Class Notes] Experiments on Properties Acids and Bases Pdf for Exam

Properties of acids and bases are studied with the help of their reactions with

1. Litmus solution

2. Zinc and

3. Solid sodium carbonate.

Materials Required For All Experiments

1. Test tubes,

2. Dropper

3. Test tube stand and holder

4. Matchbox

5. Burner

6. Flat bottom flask

7. Beaker

8. Litmus paper/ solution (red & blue)

9. Thistle funnel

10. Glass rods

11. Zinc granules

12. Freshly made lime water

13. Dilute HCl

14. Dilute NaOH

15. Solid sodium carbonate

Let us know more about experiments.

Acids 

• Acids are compounds which when dissolved in the water yield hydronium ions as the only positively charged ions. 

• Strength of acid is decided by the basicity of the acid (basicity is the number of hydrogen ions present in the solution when acid is dissolved in water).

• Eg. Nitric acid gives hydrogen ions and nitric ions and hydrogen ions react with water ions which gives hydronium ions.

An Experiment Of Litmus Test

1. Take two test tubes and label them as A and B 

2. Take 10 ml of blue litmus in test tube A and 10 ml of red litmus solution in test tube B

3. Take the dropper filled with nitric acid and add a few drops of it in the test tube A and test tube B

4. Leave the solution for a few minutes

5. It is observed that the blue color of litmus in test tube A changes its color to red and it is observed that the red color of litmus solution in test tube B remains the same.

6. We conclude that acid turns the color of the litmus solution from blue to red 

Experiment with Zinc

1. Take a dry and clean test tube 

2. Place zinc granules in it

3. Fill it with liquid HCl submerging zinc granules and tilt it a little bit and fix it with properly in the cork

4. And place the bunsen burner and lit it 

5. Close the mouth of the test tube with cork so that no vapor can escape 

6. Leave the solution for 2-3 minutes it burns with a robust sound releasing a colorless and odorless gas 

7. And if a burning match stick is brought near the mouth of the test tube it gives a pale blue flame with a pop sound.

The reaction of the given experiment:

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2+H2

Experiment With Solid Sodium Carbonate

1. Take one gram of solid sodium carbonate with some distilled water in a flat bottomed flask

2. Take a dry double bore fork and with thistle funnel which has a delivery tube fitted with it

3. Close the mouth of the flat flask with the dry double bore fork

4. Add 2 ml of hydrochloric gas

5. Colorless and odorless gas is liberated which is passed through lime water through the delivery tube

6. And it turns lime water milky

Na2CO3 + 2HCl →2NaCl+H20(l)+CO2(g)

Experiments on properties of Bases 

Bases

• Bases are the compounds which react with the acid to give salt and water (neutralization).

• Alkalis are bases which can be dissolved in water and yield hydroxyl ions as the only negatively charged ions. eg calcium hydroxide gives calcium ion (positively charged) and hydroxyl ion (negatively charged) thus when alkalis dissolved in water gives hydroxyl ion

• The strength of the base is given by the acidity of bases.

Note: all alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis

An Experiment Of Litmus Test 

1. Take two test tubes and label them as A and B

2. Fill test tube A with blue litmus solution and fill test tube A with red litmus solution (each 10 ml).

3. Use the dropper to add a few drops of calcium hydroxide in the solution in the test tube 

4. Leave the solution for a few minutes

5. Observation: The red litmus solution in test tube A turns blue and the blue litmus solution in test tube B doesn’t change its color.

6. Interference: we conclude that calcium hydroxide is basic in nature and bases turn from red litmus solution to blue litmus solution.

Experiment with Zinc

1. Take a dry and clean test tube 

2. Place zinc granules in it

3. Fill it with liquid NaOH submerging zinc granules and tilt it a little bit and fix it properly in the cork

4. And place the bunsen burner and lit it 

5. Close the mouth of the test tube with cork so that no vapor can escape 

6. Leave the solution for 2-3 minutes it burns with a robust sound releasing a colorless and odorless gas 

7. And if a burning match stick is brought near the mouth of the test tube it gives a pale blue flame with a pop sound.

The reaction of the given experiment:

2NaOH+Zn→Na2ZnO2+H2

Experiment With Solid Sodium Carbonate

1. Take one gram of Na2CO3 with some distilled water in a flat bottomed flask

2. Take a dry double bore fork and with thistle funnel which has a delivery tube fitted with it

3. Add dilute NaOH.

4. No reaction will take place.

Conclusions of Experiments