[Chemistry Class Notes] on Rocks and Minerals Pdf for Exam

Your school, residential complex, or other structure is composed of rocks and minerals. Additionally, the Earth is a goldmine of rocks and minerals. Have you ever wondered what distinguishes rocks from minerals? They are clever components of our daily lives. Cement, gold, granite, and volcanic are just a handful of the rocks and minerals we utilize daily. The terms ‘rocks and minerals are frequently used interchangeably. They cannot differentiate between rocks and minerals since they are unfamiliar with their names. However, it is critical to recognize the distinction between rocks and minerals. Let us examine the rocks and minerals and their significance.

What are Minerals?

A mineral is an inorganic solid that occurs naturally and has a distinct chemical composition and crystalline form.

The Earth comprises mineral components that exist either alone or in an infinite variety of combinations known as compounds. A mineral is made up of a single atom or molecule. A mineral is an inorganic material that occurs naturally and has a distinct chemical composition and organized atomic structure.

What are Rocks?

A rock is a dense, inorganic solid. Similar to minerals, stones are formed naturally. However, it’s worth noting that rock comprises two or more mineral grains. In other definitions, a rock is a substance composed of minerals or a mineral rock. Each stone is unique in shape, size, and texture. Geologists classify rocks into three categories: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Sandstone, limestone, marbles, and slate are all great examples.

What is the Difference Between Minerals and Rocks?

Usually, it’s challenging to differentiate between various minerals because some rocks are more delicate than granite. A slate is a kind of stone composed of clay composed of microscopic particles. Quartz, apatite, feldspar, kaolinite, and various other minerals can be used as particles. However, these crystals are not visible in the slate rock. The slate is identical in terms of texture and color. However, it cannot be classified as a mineral since its chemical composition and atomic structure is irregular. Minerals make up rocks, and minerals are self-contained and self-contained.

S. No.	ROCKS	MINERALS
1.	A rock is an inorganic material created spontaneously and has no chemical makeup or atomic structure.	A mineral is similar to a rock, and it is also a solid, inorganic material with a unique crystalline structure and chemical composition.
2.	Minerals are found in rock.	Minerals do not comprise Rocks.
3.	Rocks also exist in a microscopic form.	In nature, they are said to be recognizable.
4.	These are solid minerals found in the Earth’s crust.	Mineral deposits occur naturally on the Earth.
5.	Rocks are not edible	Some Minerals are edible, e.g., Salt
6.	Sand, pebbles, shells, and tiny shards of other materials are all examples of rocks.	Minerals include fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and others.
7.	Rocks are irregular in form and come in a variety of colors.	Minerals have specific shapes and colors.

Uses of Rocks and Minerals

What are the uses of Rocks?

Building Foundations: The foundation must be laid first when constructing a house. This is because the building’s foundation binds all of the other components together. Blocks of rock are used for foundations, bridge pier construction, lighthouse construction, and retaining walls.
Making Electricity: Certain kinds of stones are utilized to produce energy. Coal is derived from a sedimentary rock composed of decaying plants. It is written of the leftovers of woody plants that are useless in marshy places and roasted into a solid mass.
Making Concretes: Most urban environments are composed of concrete, a naturally occurring rock. The use of stones accomplishes concreting. In the construction business, rock is crushed into finer particles and utilized as concrete. Limestone is the most utilized rock form in manufacturing Portland cement, paper, lime, and pesticides.

What are the uses of Minerals?

Electronics: Monitors and keyboards interact due to thin semiconductors such as silica. Indeed, microchips in electronic devices are composed of various natural components, ranging from silicon and germanium to gallium arsenide compounds.
Creating Cell Phone Components: A single smartphone requires the unique properties of around 30 different chemical elements, including a trace of gold, the world’s most conductor metal. The glass screen’s resilience is derived from silica sand, potassium, and other substances.
Batteries: Lithium is used in virtually everything we have these days that require a lightweight battery, whether it’s lighting, telephones, or electric vehicles. Lithium batteries are available in various sizes, ranging from a 10-watt mobile phone battery to a 650-pound electric car battery containing nine pounds of lithium.

Chemical Composition of Rocks and Minerals

Chemical Composition of Rock: Rocks are composed of various compounds in different proportions by mass. The amounts of each compound determine the qualities of the rock. SiO₂ is found in sandstone; CaCO₃ is found in limestone.
Chemical Composition of Minerals: Minerals can be classified into pure elements, simple compounds, and complex compounds. Simple compounds, such as water(H₂O), carbon dioxide(C0₂), and so on, are made of more than two or two atoms in fixed proportions. Complex compounds are substances in which bonds are formed.
Eg:Steenstrupine-
Na₁₄Ce₆Mn₂+ Mn₃+Fe₂+ 5(Zr,Th)(SO₁₈)₂(PO₄)₇⋅3H₂ONa₁₄Ce₆Mn₂+ Mn₃+ Fe₅₂+(Zr,Th)(SO₁₈)₂(PO₄)₇⋅3H₂O.

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