[Commerce Class Notes] on Introduction To Cyberspace Pdf for Exam

The term Cyberspace seemed to have originated from a Science fiction movie. However, in the 21st century, it has become an integral part of our lives. Let us learn what Cyberspace is, the importance of laws to determine Cybersecurity in the introduction of Cyberspace.

(ImagewillbeUploadedSoon)

What is Cyberspace Definition?

The best way to define Cyberspace is the virtual and dynamic space created by the machine clones.

According to the Cyberspace definition, it is a web consisting of consumer computers, electronics and communication networks by which the consumer is connected to the world. 

Cyberspace History

The word Cyberspace first made its appearance in Wiliam Gibson’s Science fiction book Necromancer. The book described an online world filled with computers and associated societal elements. In that book, the author described Cyberspace as a 3D virtual landscape created by a network of computers. Although it looks like a physical space, it is generated by a computer, representing abstract data.  

After the publication of the book, the word Cyberspace became a mainstay in many English dictionaries. The New Oxford Dictionary of English provides Cyberspace definition as the notional environment used by the people to communicate over networks of the computer. 

As per the Cyberspace meaning, Cyberspace is a virtual space with no mass, gravity or boundaries. It is the interconnected space between networks of computer systems.

Bits and Bytes- Zeroes and ones are used to define Cyberspace.  It is a dynamic environment where these values change continuously. It can also be defined as the imaginary location where two parties can converse.

If we look into the Cyberspace meaning, it is not a physical space but a digital medium. The differences between a physical world and Cyberspace are as follows:

Cyberspace vs. the Physical World

Cyberspace can be compared to a human brain where the network of computers represent the innumerable neurons and the connections between them. Therefore, it can be considered as a link between the physical and the infinite world.

Cyber Laws and Cyber Security

In order to ensure that humans do not misuse Cyber technologies, Cyber laws are generated. The overall idea of Cyberlaw is to stop any person from violating the rights of other persons in Cyberspace. Any kind of violation of Cyber rights is considered to be a Cyberspace violation and is deemed punishable under Cyber Laws.  

It is important to note that since Cyberspace does not belong to the physical world, the physical laws do not apply to Cyberspace crime. A separate set of Cyber laws are formulated by the government to provide Cybersecurity to Cyber users. Such Cyber laws are needed to monitor and prevent any immoral or illegal activities of humans. Some

of the common Cyberspace violation activities include hacking, theft, money laundering, terrorism, piracy, etc. Hackers can get hold of any internet account through the Domain Name Server (DNS), phishing, IP address, etc. to get entry into the computer system of any person and steal the data, or introduce computer bugs and render the system ineffective. 

Cyber Laws

Cyber laws encompass all the legal issues related to the communicative, distributive and transactional aspects of network-related information devices and technologies. It is different from the Property Law or any other law. Unlike property law, it is not so distinct; it is broader since it covers several areas of laws and regulations. It encapsulates the statutory, legal and constitutional provisions related to computers and the internet. Cyber laws are related to individuals and institutions that 

• Generates software and/or hardware to allow people with entry into Cyberspace, and

• Make use of their computer system to gain entry into Cyberspace.

If we go by the Cyberspace definition, Cyberlaw can be considered as a generic term related to all regulatory and legal properties of the internet. Any activities of the citizen related to or concerned with the legal aspect of Cyberspace come under the purview of Cyber laws.

To define the different arms of Cybersecurity, two main acts are considered in India. They are:

• The Indian Penal Code, 1860

• The Information Technology Act, 2000

Cyberspace

Cyberspace mainly refers to the computer which is a virtual network and is a medium electronically designed to help online communications to occur. This facilitates easy and accessible communications to occur across the world. The whole Cyberspace is composed of large computer networks which have many sub-networks. These follow the TCP or IP protocol. 

The TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a standard for communications that allows the application programs and other computing devices to exchange data and messages over a Cyber network. These are designed to send data across the internet which then makes sure that the sent data are successfully delivered over the networks. It is the standards that are mostly used to define the rules of the internet and are defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force or IETF. It is a very commonly used protocol and it ensures that there is an end-to-end delivery of data. 

On the other hand, Internet Protocol or IP is the protocol or method that involves sending data from one device to another using the internet. Each and every device has an IP address that is unique to it and this gives it its identity. The IP address enables communication and exchange of data to other devices across the internet. It defines how devices and their applications will exchange packages of data with each other and connected networks.  All the transfer occurs through either of the Internet Protocol Suite or protocols i.e. either TCP or IP. 

Cyberspace is that space in which users share information, interact with each other; engage in discussions or social media platforms, and many other activities. This concept was introduced by William Gibson in his book ‘Neuromancer’ which was done in 1894. Thus, this term is still widely used among everyone as it is rapidly growing and used for various purposes by an individual.