[Commerce Class Notes] on Theory of Supply Pdf for Exam

Commerce is the process of exchanging goods and services on a large scale. Commerce is an important academic stream that imparts detailed knowledge related to economy, finance, accounting, and other topics which you can easily relate to daily lives. Specifically, the subjects included in this stream are Economics, Business Studies, Accountancy, and English along with a choice of Maths or Computer Science. It is a very important subject that will help students learn about how the business world actually works. Since commerce involves a lot of processes to be completed it will have to employ lots of laborers in the process, thus it easily generates various employment opportunities in other areas such as transport and logistics, banking, and retail. Commerce overall is an essential component of national development and wealth creation which highly contributes to the economy of the country. Commerce education is mainly aimed at giving adequate knowledge about the wholesale trade, retail, export trade, import trade, and entire- port trade. Moreover, it provides some knowledge about the movement of goods, etc., Transport, Communication Insurance, Ware-housing, Money, Banking & Finance, and Mercantile Agencies.

The law of supply is a fundamental principle of economic theory that states that, keeping other factors constant, an increase in price results in an increase in quantity supplied. In other words, there is a direct relationship between price and quantity: quantities respond in the same direction as price changes.

Law of Supply and Theories

The law of supply says that a higher price will induce producers to supply a higher quantity to the market, therefore, increasing the normal supply of the product. Supply in a market can be depicted in a graph as an upward-sloping supply curve that shows how the quantity supplied will actively respond to fluctuations in various prices over any period of time.

Example 

A samosa shop increases the number of samosas they prepare and supply every day when the price is increased. When the selling price of a product goes up, what could be the relationship to the quantity actually supplied? It becomes practical to produce more and more of that product.

More About the Topic

What do you mean by the Theory of Supply in Economics? Supply is the amount of any commodity that sellers are willing to offer for sale at a different price per unit of time. There is a direct relationship between the price of a given commodity and the quantity offered by a seller for sale over a specified time. 

 

If the price of the commodity rises, then other factors remain constant. Its quality which is offered for sale starts increasing as well and when the price of the commodity falls, the quantity of commodity available for sale decreases. This relationship between the price of the commodity and the quantity which the supplier is willing to sell is called the Theory of Supply.

Law of Supply

In simple words, the law of supply states that sellers supply more goods at higher prices and supply fewer goods at lower prices. The supply function is explained in the mentioned supply curve and schedule.

Market Supply Schedule of a Commodity:

 

In the above schedule, it is clear that the seller is willing to sell 100 units of a good at ＄4. Observe, as the price falls the quantity that the seller is willing to sell also starts falling. Therefore, at ＄1 the quantity that is being offered to sale is 40 units only.

 

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In the figure, the price of the commodity is on the Y-axis and the quantity of the commodity is on the X-axis. The four points namely d, c, b, and a show the combination of each price and the specific quantity that is being supplied at that price. The slope is the supply curve slopes upwards from left to right, which indicates that less quantity is being offered for sale at a lower price. Economic students study the theory of supply Class 12 Economics in detail.

Theories of Aggregate Supply Explained

Theory of Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand was given by John Maynard Keynes which was presented in his work in The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. In Macroeconomics, aggregate supply (AS) is also termed as domestic final supply (DFS). Aggregate supply is the total supply of commodities that forms in an economy plan on selling during a specified amount of time.

 

In simple words, the theory of aggregate supply is the total supply in an economy’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Typically, a positive relationship is observed between the price level and the aggregate supply. The main components of aggregate supply are consumption and saving. The aggregate supply is the sum of consumption expenditure and savings. 

 

Aggregate Supply (AS) = Consumption Expenditure + Saving (S)

The Formula for Theory of Supply:

 

Q_x = Quantity Supplied

Φ =  Function of

Tech = technology

P_x = Price

F = Features of nature

X = Taxes and subsidies

It Is Assumed That These Variables Remain Constant.

Difference Between Theory of Supply and Theory of Aggregate Supply

The theory of supply is a concept of Microeconomics and Aggregate Supply is a concept of Macroeconomics. The law of supply and demand is a fundamental economic theory that establishes a relation between what producers sell and what consumers demand. Whereas Aggregate Supply is the total supply in an economy, the total amount a nation produces and sells.

Demand and Supply Theory of Wages

Wages are the price of services that are being rendered by the labour to the employer. As product prices are determined by its supply and demand curve, similarly wages are also obtained with the hero of demand and supply of labour. The Modern Theory of wages was given by J.R. Hicks.

Did You Know?

The shift in a supply curve is caused by a change in the cost of production, change in the number of producers, change in tax rates, or changes in the state of production technology in use.

Solved Example

Q. The supply schedule for firm A and firm B is given below. Compute the market supply schedule for the same.

 

A1. The market supply will be the number of commodities supplied by firm A and firm B.