Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions on “Cardiotocograph”.
1. Ambulatory monitoring of ECG is called ____________
a) Event Cardiography
b) Holter Cardiography
c) Real-Time Cardiography
d) Implantable Cardiography
Answer: b
Clarification: Ambulatory monitoring of ECG is called ‘Holter Cardiography’, after Dr. Norman Holter who introduced this concept in 1962. A Holter monitor is a type of ambulatory electrocardiography device, a portable device for cardiac monitoring (the monitoring of the electrical activity of the cardiovascular system) for at least 24 hours (often for two weeks at a time).
2. Which of the following type of systems are not available for ambulatory ECG monitoring?
a) Holter monitors
b) Event Recorders
c) Time Recorders
d) Implantable Loop Recorders
Answer: c
Clarification: Currently, the following four types of systems are available for ambulatory ECG monitoring: I) Holter Monitors II) Event Recorders III) Real-Time Continuous Cardiac Monitoring System IV) Implantable Loop Recorders.
3. The current state of Holter technology uses small recorders, which size is about _______
a) 75 x 20 x 90 cm
b) 75 x 95 x 20 cm
c) 75 x 20 x 95 mm
d) 75 x 95 x 20 mm
Answer: d
Clarification: The current state of Holter technology uses small recorders (size 75 x 95 x 20 mm; weight about 190 g) with flashcard technology to record and store data from 2 to 3 ECG leads attached to the patient’s chest and collected continuously over 24 to 48 hours.
4. Who provides an excellent review of ambulatory cardiac event recorders?
a) Handelsman
b) Benz
c) Alfonso
d) Friesen
Answer: b
Clarification: An excellent review of ambulatory cardiac event recorders is provided by Benz in 1999. The major advantage of these devices compared with a traditional Holter monitor is that they are small, allow ECG monitoring for longer time periods, and can provide nearly real time data analysis when the patient transmits a recording in proximity to the symptomatic event.
5. The monitor automatically transmits recorded data transtelephonically to a central monitoring station for subsequent analysis when an arrhythmia is detected by an arrhythmia algorithm.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: In Real-Time Continuous Cardiac Monitoring Systems, the monitor is equipped with software that analyzes the rhythm data continuously and automatically. The monitor automatically transmits recorded data transtelephonically (by wireless network or land phone line) to a central monitoring station for subsequent analysis when an arrhythmia is detected by an arrhythmia algorithm.
6. In the data recording, the normal speed of sub miniature tape recorder is ___________
a) 3 cm/s
b) 2 cm/s
c) 3 mm/s
d) 2 mm/s
Answer: d
Clarification: In data recording, the core of the modern ambulatory monitoring system is a multichannel sub-miniature tape recorder running normally at a speed of 2 mm/s. At this speed, a C-120 entertainment cassette will run for 24 hours.
7. In data recorders, during replay, the tape is run at ________ to achieve rapid manual or automatic scanning of ambulatory records.
a) 80 times of recording speed
b) 70 times of recording speed
c) 60 times of recording speed
d) 50 times of recording speed