Enzyme Technology Multiple Choice Questions on “Clinical Significance of Amylase, Transaminase and Proteinases”.
1. Enzymes that perform physiological function are termed as _______
A. allosteric enzymes
B. isoenzymes
C. non-functional enzymes
D. functional enzymes
Answer: D
Clarification: Enzymes that perform physiological function are termed as functional enzymes. Examples: lipoprotein lipase in circulation and enzymes of blood coagulation. Whereas enzymes having no physical function are referred to as non-functional enzymes. Multiple forms of the same enzyme are referred to as isoenzyme. The enzymes having allosteric sites, other than the catalytic site which is used for binding for regulatory metabolites is referred to as allosteric enzymes.
2. Enzymes that do not perform physiological functions are called as _________
A. biosensor
B. isoenzymes
C. non-functional enzymes
D. functional enzymes
Answer: C
Clarification: Enzymes that are present in low concentrations in plasma and have no physiological functions are called as non-functional enzymes. Whereas, enzymes that perform physiological function are termed as functional enzymes. Multiple forms of the same enzyme are referred to as isoenzyme. The analytical device which converts a biological response into an electrical signal is referred to as a biosensor.
3. Which of the following enzyme hydrolyzes α-1,4 linkages in starch and glycogen to yield maltase?
A. Transaminase
B. Proteinases
C. α-amylase
D. Chymotrypsin
Answer: C
Clarification: α-amylase hydrolyzes α-1,4 linkages in starch and glycogen to yield maltase. Transaminase are the enzymes which are involved in the transfer of aminoacids. Proteinases are those that hydrolyze elastin and other protein present in extracellular matrix. Chymotrypsin is an endopeptidase which converts chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin.
4. Amylase is found in ________ at higher concentration.
A. pancreatic juice
B. milk
C. tears
D. urine
Answer: A
Clarification: Amylase is found in pancreatic and saliva juice at higher concentration. Whereas skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, gonads, fallopian tube, tears, milk and urine have low concentration of amylase.
5. Which of the following clinical condition does not show increase of amylase concentration?
A. Diabetic ketoacidosis
B. Cardiac arrest
C. Salivary gland disorders
D. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Answer: B
Clarification: Following clinical condition shows an increase of amylase concentration:
• Severe diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Salivary gland disorders such as mumps, salivary calculi.
• Ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
During cardiac arrest, the activities of transaminases are increased.
6. Which of the following is not a clinical condition associated with amylase?
A. Acute oliguric renal failure
B. Acute pancreatitis
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Duodenal ulcer
Answer: C
Clarification: Plasma ALT (transaminases) levels increases following myocardial infarction. Following clinical conditions are associated with amylase:
• Acute oliguric renal failure.
• Acute pancreatitis.
• Duodenal ulcer: The ampulla is involved in the inflammatory process thus blocking secretion of pancreatic juice into the duodenum.
7. Which of the following is not a clinical condition associated with amylase?
A. Liver disease
B. Sphincter of oddi
C. Macroamylsemia
D. Pneumonia
Answer: A
Clarification: Following clinical conditions are associated with amylase:
• Sphincter of oddi: results due to contraction of pancreatic duct sphincter.
• Macroamylsemia: results due to increase in plasma amylase with decrease in urinary excretion.
• Due to increased plasma amylase activity, cerebral trauma, shock and pneumonia may occur.
Transaminases are sensitive markers of hepatocellular injury. The value of transaminases reaches a peak when the illness is maximum.
8. Which of the following is a transaminase?
A. α-amylase
B. Chymotrypsin
C. Proteinases
D. Alanine transaminase