LISP Multiple Choice Questions on “Constraint Propagation”.
1. Which have the ability to propagate numbers through arithmetic boxes?
a) Condition
b) Constraint
c) Logic
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: Constraint propagate numbers through arithmetic boxes.
2. Which is used to represent assertions and logical constraints?
a) Logic
b) Methods
c) Controls
d) Class
Answer: d
Clarification: Classes represent assertions and logical constraints.
3. What is the process of combining assertions and logical constraints?
a) List
b) Net
c) Inference net
d) Inference
Answer: c
Clarification: When a group of assertions and logical constraints are combined, they form inference net.
4. Which propagate probability bounds through logic boxes?
a) Constraint
b) Condition
c) List
d) Inference
Answer: a
Clarification: Constraints propagate probability bounds through logic boxes.
5. Which functions are used to enforce constraints?
a) Conditional
b) Generic functions
c) Functions
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b
Clarification: Generic functions are used to enforce constraints.
6. What is the output of the given statement?
span class="sy0"> * (defclass assertion () ((name :accessor assertion-name :initarg :name) (lower-bound :accessor assertion-lower-bound :initform 0) (upper-bound :accessor assertion-upper-bound :initform 1) (constraints :accessor assertion-constraints :initform nil)))
a) Constraints
b) Class
c) Standard-class assertion
d) Standard-class
Answer: c
Clarification: This statement will output class named assertion with a constraint.
Output:
#
7. What is the output of the given statement?
span class="sy0"> * (defclass constraint () ((name :accessor constraint-name :initarg :name) (output :accessor constraint-output))) * (defclass binary-constraint (constraint) ((input :accessor constraint-input))) * (defclass ternary-constraint (constraint) ((input-a :accessor constraint-input-a) (input-b :accessor constraint-input-b))) * (defclass not-box (binary-constraint) ()) * (defclass or-box (ternary-constraint) ()) * (defclass and-box (ternary-constraint) ())
a) And-box
b) Or-box
c) Not-box
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a
Clarification: This statement will create a list of classes for constraint manipulation.
Output:
#
# #
# #
8. What is the output of the given statement?
span class="sy0"> * (defmethod connect2 ((c constraint) (i assertion) (o assertion)) (setf (constraint-input c) i) (setf (constraint-output c) o) (push c (assertion-constraints i)) (push c (assertion-constraints o)))
a) Connect2
b) Defmethod
c) Constraint
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: d
Clarification: This statement will create a method named connect2 with input and output constraint.
Output:
#
9. What is the output of the given statement?
span class="sy0"> * (let ((assertions (list (make-instance 'assertion :name 'broker1) (make-instance 'assertion :name 'broker2) (make-instance 'assertion :name 'broker-opinion) (constraints (list (make-instance 'or-box :name 'broker-constraint))
a) Assertion
b) Broker
c) Both Assertion & Broker
d) Error
Answer: d
Clarification: This statement will create an error because of misplacing and unsatisfied arguments.
10. Which constraint has the parameter that entifies where the constraint is coming from?
a) Binary
b) Secondary
c) Ternary
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c