Computational Fluid Dynamics Multiple Choice Questions on “Continuity Equation – Finite Control Volume”.
1. The physical principle behind the continuity equation is __________
a) Mass conservation
b) Zeroth law of thermodynamics
c) First law of thermodynamics
d) Energy conservation
Answer: a
Clarification: Continuity equation is derived from the mass conservation principle. It states that for an isolated system, the mass of the system must remain constant.
2. Which of these models directly gives this equation?
(frac{∂}{∂t}iiint_vrho dV+iint_s rhovec{V}.vec{dS}=0 )
a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: b
Clarification: The equation is in conservative integral form. So, the model must be finite control volume fixed in space.
3. Which of these models directly gives this equation?
(frac{D}{Dt}iiint_vrho dV = 0)
a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: c
Clarification: The equation is the non-conservative form of the integral continuity equation. This is obtained from a finite control volume moving along with the flow.
4. Consider a model of finite control volume (volume V and surface area S) fixed in space with elemental volume dV, vector elemental surface area d(vec{S}), density ρ and flow velocity (vec{V}). What is the net mass flow rate out of the surface area?
a) (iint_Vrho vec{V}.dV)
b) (rho vec{V}.d vec{S})
c) (iiint_Vrho vec{V}.dvec{S})
d) (iint_Vrho vec{V}.dvec{S})
Answer: d
Clarification: In general,
mass flow rate=density × velocity × area
For this case,
elemental mass flow rate = (rho vec{V}.d vec{S})
total mass flow rate=(iint_Vrho vec{V}.dvec{S})
5. Consider a model of finite control volume (volume V and surface area) fixed in space with elemental volume dV, vector elemental surface area d(vec{S}), density ρ and flow velocity (vec{V}). What is the mass inside the control volume?
a) (iint_srho vec{V}.dvec{S})
b) (iiint_Vrho dV)
c) ρdV
d) (frac{partial}{partial t} iiint_Vrho dV)
Answer: b
Clarification: Mass=density × volume
mass inside dV=ρdV
mass inside ( V=iiint_Vrho dV).
6. Consider a model of finite control volume (volume V and surface area) moving along the flow with elemental volume dV, vector elemental surface area d(vec{S}), density ρ and flow velocity (vec{V}). What is the time rate of change of mass inside the control volume?
a) (iiint_Vrho dV)
b) (frac{partial}{partial t} iiint_Vrho dV)
c) (frac{D}{Dt} iiint_Vrho dV)
d) ρdV
Answer: c
Clarification: Substantial derivative is used as the model is moving.
mass=density × volume
mass inside dV=ρdV
mass inside ( V=iiint_Vrho dV)
time rate of change of mass inside (frac{D}{Dt} iiint_Vrho dV).
7. To convert the non-conservative integral equation of mass conservation into the conservative integral form, which of these theorems is used?
a) Stokes theorem
b) Kelvin-Stokes theorem
c) Gauss-Siedel theorem
d) Gauss Divergence Theorem
Answer: d
Clarification: The expansion of non-conservative integral equation gives two volume integral terms. One of these terms representing the mass flow is converted into surface integral using the Gauss Divergence theorem.
8. Consider a model of finite control volume (volume V and surface area) fixed in space with elemental volume dV, vector elemental surface area d(vec{S}), density ρ and flow velocity (vec{V}).
(rhovec{V}.dvec{S}) is positive when _____________
a) The mass flow is outward
b) The mass flow is inward
c) The mass flow is positive
d) The mass flow is negative
Answer: a
Clarification: d(vec{S}) always points outwards to the control volume. So, the product (rhovec{V}.dvec{S}) is positive when the mass flow is outwards.
9. What is the physical statement of mass conservation equation for a finite control volume fixed in space?
a) Net mass flow through the control surface = constant
b) Rate of change of mass inside the control volume = constant
c) Net mass flow through the control surface = Rate of change of mass inside the control volume
d) Net mass flow through the control surface≠Rate of change of mass inside the control volume
Answer: c
Clarification: Statement of mass conservation equation for a finite control volume fixed in space:
Net mass flow through the control surface is equal to the rate of change of mass inside the control volume.
10. What is the physical statement of mass conservation equation for a finite control volume moving along with the flow?
a) Rate of change of mass inside the control volume = 0
b) Rate of change of mass inside the control volume = constant
c) Net mass flow through the control surface = Rate of change of mass inside the control volume
d) Net mass flow through the control surface≠Rate of change of mass inside the control volume
Answer: b
Clarification: Statement of mass conservation equation for a finite control volume moving along with the flow:
Mass inside the control volume = constant
Rate of change of mass inside the control volume = 0.