Environmental Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions on “Dose – Effect Relationship Analysis – Quantal Response”.
1. Which of the following can be the case of Quantal dose-response relationship?
a) Binary
b) Secondary
c) Primary
d) Tertiary
Answer: a
Clarification: The drug effect of Quantal dose-response relationship can be binary i.e. either it can be present or it can be absent. Whereas, secondary, primary, tertiary are the stages of a treatment process and is not related to this.
2. Which of the following is measured for a single population?
a) Insecticides
b) Dioxins
c) Polychlorinated biphenyls
d) Quantal response
Answer: d
Clarification: Quantal response basically describes drug effect, and it is measured in a single population to check if it is present or absent in any single individual. Whereas, Insecticides, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls are very harmful chemicals present in the environment which needs to be degraded.
3. Organic pollutants are persistent and cannot be degraded in the environment by natural processes.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Organic pollutants can accumulate in the environment and cause environmental pollution as they are persistent and cannot be degraded in the environment by the natural biological of chemical processes.
4. Which of the following is not an organic pollutant?
a) Insecticides
b) Dioxins
c) Polychlorinated biphenyls
d) Oxygen
Answer: d
Clarification: Insecticides, dioxins and Polychlorinated biphenyls are the various organic pollutants persistent in the environment whereas Oxygen is not an environmental pollutant.
5. Which of the following compounds does not get degraded under any circumstances?
a) Recalcitrant
b) Persistent
c) Mineralization
d) Bioaccumulation
Answer: a
Clarification: Recalcitrant is the term used for the compounds that are persistent in the environment for a long time as it cannot be degraded under any circumstances. Whereas, Mineralization and Bioaccumulation various process in the environment. And Persistent is not degraded, it persists in the environment.
6. Bio concentration factor is the concentration of a pollutant in an organism compared to that present in the environment.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Bio concentration factor is a term used to refer to the amount of pollutants from the environment that is concentrated in the organism over a period of time. Hence, it is the amount of substance accumulated in an organism within a time period.
7. Which of the following method leads to the accumulation of organic pollutants in the environment?
a) Mine dumps
b) Spills
b) Culm dumps
d) Mine drainage
Answer: b
Clarification: Spills results is release of certain organic pollutants like biocides and herbicides in the environment that leads to accumulation of organic pollutants, Mine dumps, Culm dumps are also called as tailings, means the material remains after the process of successful separation of the beneficiary material from the ore whereas mine drainage is the flow of acidic water from mines as a waste product.
8. The persistence of the organic compounds depends on the presence of any metal.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Not any metal can lead to the persistence of organic compounds. It gets deposited in the environment and their degradation in the environment depends on the presence of halogen groups in the compound.
9. Which of the following compound gets accumulated as a result of degradation by the anaerobic microorganisms?
a) Liquid Nitrogen
b) Crude oil
c) Oxygen
d) Nitrogen
Answer: b
Clarification: Crude oil is an organic compound that gets accumulated as a result of degradation by the anaerobic microorganisms, Liquid Nitrogen is used to break the cell walls of a cell, and Oxygen and Nitrogen is a constituency of air.
10. Which of the following is used in bio degradation of xenobiotics?
a) Enzymes
b) Chemicals
c) Physical sorting
d) PAHs
Answer: a
Clarification: Enzymes are the biological compounds that are used in bio degradation of xenobiotics whereas Chemicals might help in degradation but are harmful to the environment, physical sorting is tedious hence, not effective and poly-cyclic aromatics hydrocarbons are environmental pollutants.
11. Non-halogen based xenobiotics are converted into which of the following substance?
a) Catechol
b) Sulphur
c) Acrylamide
d) Acid
Answer: a
Clarification: Non-halogen based xenobiotics compounds are converted into catechol as a result of degradation by microorganisms but are not converted into Sulphur, Acrylamide which is carcinogenic or Acid.
12. A period of adaptation is required before microbial degradation of xenobiotics.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Xenobiotics or the synthetic organic compounds like herbicides and pesticides can be degraded by microorganisms but a period of adaptation is required before microbial degradation of the xenobiotic compounds.
13. Which of the following present can be degraded by aerobic and anaerobic processes?
a) Hydrocarbons
b) Calcium
c) Magnesium
d) Nitrogen
Answer: a
Clarification: The hydrocarbons that are present in xenobiotic or organic compounds are stable and reduced hence, can be degraded by aerobic and anaerobic processes. Whereas, Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrogen is not related be degradation of xenobiotic in the process.
14. Which of the following process is not used to convert the hydrocarbons present in the organic compounds to central metabolic intermediates?
a) Hydration
b) Extraction
c) Nitroreduction
d) Reductive dehydroxylation
Answer: b
Clarification: Hydration, Nitroreduction and Reductive dehydroxylation processes are used to convert the hydrocarbons present in the organic compounds to central metabolic intermediates which is hydrolyzed to convert into compounds that then enters the Krebs cycle whereas, Extraction is the phase for separation of minerals from the ores.
15. Which of the following is faster process for degradation of xenobiotics?
a) Anaerobic degradation
b) Aerobic degradation
c) Reductive dihydroxylation
d) Hydration
Answer: b
Clarification: The anaerobic degradation process of xenobiotics is a much slower process than aerobic degradation processes. Aerobic degradation is a faster process, whereas, hydration and reductive dehydroxylation processes are used to convert the hydrocarbons present in the organic compounds to central metabolic intermediates.
16. Phyto remediation technique is used to sequester pollutants in areas near the roots of plants.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Phyto-remediation technique is a cost effective method to decrease the xenobiotic compounds from the environment in which plants are sequestering the various pollutants in soils present near the roots.