Human Physiology Assessment Questions and Answers focuses on “Excretory Products – Physiology of Urine Formation”.
1. Yellow color of urine is due to ____________
A. Urochrome
B. Urea
C. Bilirubin
D. Uric acid
Answer: a
Clarification: Yellow color of urine is due to Urochrome. It is a linear tetrapyrrole compound is degradation products of the cyclic tetrapyrrole heme.
2. Vasopressin is called as ___________
A. Synovial fluid
B. Neurotransmitter
C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Growth regulating substance
View Answer
Answer: C
Clarification: Vasopressin is called an Antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Vasopressin stimulates reabsorption of water and reduction of urine output.
3. Juxta glomerular cells of renal cortex synthesize a hormone called __________
A. ADH
B. Renin
C. Oxytocin
D. Urochrome
Answer: B
Clarification: Juxta glomerular cells are cells in a kidney that synthesize the store and secrete the enzyme rennin. They are smooth muscle cells mainly in the wall of afferent arterioles and some in efferent arterioles that deliver blood to glomerulus.
4. Liquid which collects in Bowman’s capsule is ___________
A. Water and sulphates
B. Water and glycogen
C. Plasma minus blood proteins
D. Concentrated urine
Answer: c
Clarification: Bowman’s capsule is a cup like a sac at the beginning of tubular component of nephron, it performs first step in filtration of blood to form urine. Liquid which collects in Bowman’s capsule is plasma minus blood proteins.
5. Which of the following is not a part of renal pyramid?
A. Collecting ducts
B. Peritubular capillaries
C. Convoluted tubules
D. Loops of Henle
View Answer
Answer: C
Clarification: Renal Pyramid is cone shaped tissues of the kidneys. In human renal medulla is made up of 18-20 of these conical subdivisions. It consists of tubules that transport urine from cortical to calyces in which urine is collected before it passes through the ureter.
6. Urea synthesis takes place in liver because __________
A. Enzyme arginase is present in liver only
B. Kidney is smaller than liver
C. ADH is found in liver
D. Urea is present only in liver
Answer: A
Clarification: Urea synthesis takes place in liver because Enzyme arginase is present in liver. Urea cycle takes place to form urea.
7. Mark the mismatch pair.
A. Henle’s loop – concentration of urine
B. DCT – Absorption of glucose
C. PCT – Absorption of sodium and potassium ions
D. Bowman’s capsule – Glomerular filtration
View Answer
Answer: B
Clarification: DCT is distal convoluted tubule. It is the portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and collecting tubule.
8. Urea synthesis occurs in ______________
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Muscles
Answer: B
Clarification: Urea synthesis occurs in the liver. Since there is an arginase enzyme present in the liver the synthesis of urea occurs in liver.
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