Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions on “Exercise Stress Testing”.
1. FHR yields important information about the status of ________
a) fats
b) eye
c) fibrous joint
d) foetus
Answer: d
Clarification: The obstetrician is faced with the problem of having very few parameters available on which to base a diagnosis of foetal well-being or distress. In most cases, the condition of the foetus is assessed by studying the blood flow in the foetal heart and its heart rate. The foetal heart rate (FHR) yields important information about the status of the foetus, and therefore, has become a widely studied parameter in maternity cases.
2. Foetal Heart sounds are listened by digital stethoscope.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: False, Foetal heart rate monitoring in the labour ward has generally been carried out on an intermittent basis. It has been traditional to listen to the foetal heart sounds at intervals of up to every 15 minutes. This is done by using the Pinard stethoscope.
3. To listen to the foetal heart sounds at intervals of up to every _______ minutes is tradition.
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) 20
Answer: c
Clarification: Foetal heart rate monitoring in the labour ward has generally been carried out on an intermittent basis. It has been traditional to listen to the foetal heart sounds at intervals of up to every 15 minutes. This is done by using the Pinard stethoscope.
4. How is the assessment of the condition of foetus can be made during labour?
a) activity of sweat glands
b) baseline value of skin resistance
c) by foetal heart action
d) baseline value of breathing
Answer: c
Clarification: An assessment of the condition of the foetus can be made during labour from the foetal heart action. Simultaneously, recording beat-to-beat foetal heart rate and uterine activity provides basic information for assessing the compensatory potential of the foetal circulatory system.
5. Which of the following instrument carries out a continuous and simultaneous recording of the instantaneous foetal heart rate and labour activity?
a) Electrocardiograph
b) Cardiotocograph
c) Electromyograph
d) Vectorcardiograph
Answer: b
Clarification: The instrument which carries out a continuous and simultaneous recording of the instantaneous foetal heart rate and labour activity is called cardiotocograph. In addition to detecting long-term bradycardia or tachycardia, this instrument helps in the evaluation of foetal heart rate response of the undisturbed circulatory system and response stimulated by uterine contractions.
6. Sensitivity of _______ bpm/cm of the recording chart allows adequate reading of the recorded FHR.
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) 20
Answer: d
Clarification: Cardiotocographs are designed to measure and record foetal heart rate on a beat-to-beat basis rather than on an average basis. Normally, accuracy of measurement may be 2–3% for the classification of responses. The sensitivity of 20 bpm/cm of the recording chart allows adequate reading of the recorded FHR.
7. What is the used in Tocodynamometry to sense changes in uterine tension transmitted to abdominal skin surface?
a) U-Manometer
b) Barometer
c) Tocotonometer
d) Picometer
Answer: c
Clarification: Tocodynamometry is an indirect method to measure uterine contraction in cardiotographic monitoring during labour in which tocotonometer is used to sense changes in uterine tension transmitted to abdominal skin surface.
8. Which of the following is a direct method for measuring foetal heart rate?
a) Abdominal foetal electrocardiogram
b) Foetal phonocardiogram
c) Ultrasound technique
d) Foetal ECG with scalp electrode
Answer: d
Clarification: Abdominal foetal electrocardiogram, foetal phonocardiogram and Ultrasound technique are indirect methods of measuring foetal heart rate where as Foetal ECG with scalp electrode is a direct method as in it spiral, clip or suction electrode is attached to the presenting part of foetus.
9. Cardiotocographs are designed to measure and record foetal heart rate on an average basis.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: False, Cardiotocographs are designed to measure and record foetal heart rate on a beat-to-beat basis rather than on an average basis. Normally, accuracy of measurement may be 2–3% for the classification of responses.
10. What is the accuracy of measurement for the classification of responses?
a) 1-2%
b) 2-3%
c) 3-4%
d) 4-5%
Answer: b
Clarification: Cardiotocographs are designed to measure and record foetal heart rate on a beat-to-beat basis rather than on an average basis. Normally, accuracy of measurement may be 2–3% for the classification of responses.