Biology Quiz on “Human Reproduction – Menstrual Cycle – 2”.
1. The regeneration of uterine wall begins during what phase?
a) Menstrual phase
b) Follicular phase
c) Luteal phase
d) Secretory phase
Answer: b
Clarification: The menstrual phase involves shredding of the uterine endometrium. Right after menses, the follicular phase onsets. During this phase, the endometrium starts to regenerate.
2. What pituitary hormones peak during the proliferative phase?
a) LH only
b) FSH only
c) Neither LH or FSH
d) LH and FSH
Answer: d
Clarification: The anterior pituitary releases Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone as the proliferative phase or follicular phase progresses. Both of these hormones along with the ovarian hormone estrogen is responsible for the regeneration of uterine wall and maturation of follicles.
3. Which of the following does not occur during the follicular phase?
a) Maturation of primary follicles to Graafian follicles
b) Peaking of estrogen
c) Peaking of progesterone
d) Regeneration of uterine endometrium
Answer: c
Clarification: Follicular phase is an important phase to ensure the development of egg and maturation of the follicle it is contained in. It is also characterized by the thickening of uterine wall. These changes are brought about the pituitary hormones LH and FSH and the ovarian hormone estrogen. Progesterone is required for egg release and it peaks during the luteal phase.
4. The luteal phase is also called as ______
a) secretory phase
b) proliferative phase
c) menstrual phase
d) follicular phase
Answer: a
Clarification: Luteal phase involves the rupture of the Graafian follicle and the release of egg from the ovary. Hence it is also called the secretory phase.
5. A student was studying primate uterine thickness. She had 3 samples of uterine tissues. The thickness in mm for the samples are as follows:
Sample A – 4 mm, Sample B – 10 mm, Sample C – 1 mm
Given the knowledge of menstrual cycle in humans, what phases do you think each sample belongs to?
a) Sample A: Menstrual phase, Sample B: Follicular phase, Sample C: Luteal phase
b) Sample A: Proliferative phase, Sample B: Luteal phase, Sample C: Menstrual phase
c) Sample A: Secretory phase, Sample B: Menstrual phase, Sample C: Proliferative phase
d) Sample A: Menstrual phase, Sample B: Secretory phase, Sample C: Follicular phase
Answer: b
Clarification: The uterine endometrium is shed off during menstrual phase. Thus this wall has the least thickness. During the follicular or proliferative phase, the endometrium starts building up and the wall is completely thick during the luteal or secretory phase to house the expected fertilized egg.
6. Which hormone surge triggers ovulation?
a) Estrogen
b) LH
c) FSH
d) Progesterone
Answer: b
Clarification: LH is released by the anterior pituitary. It reaches a peak level during the middle of menstrual cycle. This is called LH surge. It acts on Graafian follicles causing their rupture and release of egg in the process of ovulation.
7. Luteal phase is characterized by the conversion of a ruptured Graafian follicle into _______
a) corpus luteum
b) corpus albicans
c) corpora quadrigemina
d) primary follicle