Environmental Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions on “Introduction”.
1. Which contaminants among the following leads to environment pollution?
a) CO2
b) Heavy metals and explosive
c) Fertilizer
d) Methane gas
Answer: b
Clarification: Heavy metals and explosive and toxic compounds that leads to environmental pollution, CO2 and methane gas emission in the environment leads to global warming and fertilizer is used to increase the productivity of crops.
2. What is the cause behind irrecoverable environmental damage?
a) Oil spills in sea
b) Afforestation
c) Sewage
d) Biogas
Answer: a
Clarification: Oil spills leads to release of hydrocarbons into the environment which leads to serious environmental issues, sewage waste gets purified by time, afforestation restores environmental health and bio-gas is used as a fuel for cooking.
3. The process that results in conversion of environmental contaminants into less toxic substances with the help of microbiological processes is called as ______
a) Bio-fortification
b) Bio-remediation
c) Bio-leaching
d) Microbiology
Answer: b
Clarification: Bio remediation is a process that uses microbial processes and converts toxic substances into less toxic or usable forms, microbiology is the study of microorganisms, bio- fortification is a process to increase the nutritional quality of plant, and bio-leaching is the extraction of metals.
4. Which among the following is a process of bio remediation?
a) Chemical Testing method
b) Most probable number method
c) Dissolved Oxygen method
d) Immobilization
Answer: d
Clarification: Immobilization of microbes is done for effective bio-remediation process, most probable number method is used to detect the presence of E. coli which is a fecal coliform bacterium, the chemical testing method detects the presence of ammonia, nitrate, pH or any chemical parameter, dissolved oxygen method measures the level of dissolved oxygen.
5. The increase of toxicity level, when we go from lower cellular complexities to higher cellular complexities is called as _____
a) Bio-magnification
b) Quorum quenching
c) Quorum requirement
d) Lyophilization
Answer: a
Clarification: Bio-magnification is the process by which toxic substances get deposited in the food chain, quorum quenching leads to inhibition of the quorum sensing, quorum requirement is the minimum number of organisms required to form a colony, and lyophilization is a process of freeze drying.
6. Which of the following is a bio-indicator of metal pollution?
a) Mytilus edulis
b) E.coli
c) Lichens
d) Microalage
Answer: a
Clarification: Heavy metal concentration of cadmium, copper, lead in Mytilus edulis, E. coli presence indicates fecal contamination, Lichens indicate air pollution, microalage helps to reduce CO2 emissions.
7. Which of the following bacteria can generate electricity, thereby reducing the environmental toxic pollutants?
a) Thermus aquaticus
b) Bacillus thuringenesis
c) Shewanella
d) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Answer: c
Clarification: Shewanella bacteria have wire like appendages that generate electricity, thereby reducing pollution, Thermus aquaticus has applications in PCR, Bacillus thuringenesis is used as a biological pesticide and Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in humans.
8. Calculate the BOD value for the sample below including the minimum depletion and residual requirements.
Sample (ml)-100ml in 300ml bottle
Initial D.O (mg/ml): 9.2
5-days D.O (mg/ml): 5.3
a) 9.1
b) 9.75
c) 11
d) 9
Answer: b
Clarification: Given,
Sample (ml) – 100ml in 300ml bottle
Initial D.O (mg/ml): 9.2
5-days D.O (mg/ml): 5.3
BOD (mg/ml) = D.O depletion/volume sample(ml)*300ml=initial D.O-final D.O/volume sample(ml)
=9.2-5.3/100*250=9.75.
9. Which of the following doesn’t include the activity of microorganisms?
a) Bio-magnification
b) Bio-remediation
c) Bio-degradation
d) Bio-leaching
Answer: a
Clarification: Bio-magnification is the process by which toxic substances get deposited in the food chain, bio-degradation is the process that leads to degradation of compounds with the help of bacteria, Bio remediation is a process that uses microbial processes and converts toxic substances into less toxic or usable forms, bio-leaching is a process of extraction of metals using some microorganisms.
10. The process by which the methanogens produce methane is called _______
a) Bio-methanation
b) Bio-luminescence
c) Bio-leaching
d) Bio-fortification
Answer: a
Clarification: Archaea, like methanogens produce methane and hence, the process is called as bio-methanation, bio luminescence is the property of production of light by microorganisms, bio-leaching is a process of extraction of metals using some microorganisms and bio-fortification is the process of nutritional crop breeding.