250+ TOP MCQs on Process Capability Ratios – 1 and Answers

Statistical Quality Control Multiple Choice Questions on “Process Capability Ratios – 1”.

1. Process capability ratio is expressed as ____________
a) (C_p=frac{USL-LSL}{6σ})
b) (C_p=frac{USL-2LSL}{6σ})
c) (C_p=frac{2USL-LSL}{6σ})
d) (C_p=frac{USL+LSL}{6σ})
Answer: a
Clarification: Process capability ratio (PCR) is denoted as C_p and expressed as,
(C_p=frac{USL-LSL}{6σ})

2. USL in the formula of PCR is ____________
a) Upper safe limit
b) Ultimate safe limit
c) Upper specification limit
d) Ultimate specification limit
Answer: c
Clarification: USL in the formula of PCR or process capability ratio is the Upper Specification Limit. This denotes the maximum tolerable value for a quality characteristic.

3. The LSL in the C_p is called ____________
a) Lower safe limit
b) Largest safe limit
c) Largest specification limit
d) Lower specification limit
Answer: d
Clarification: The LSL, in the formula of the Process Capability Ratio, C_p is the Lower Specification Limit value of the quality characteristic. It specifies the lowest possible value for the quality characteristic for the process to be in statistical control.

4. When the process standard deviation σ is unknown for a process, to calculate the PCR we use _____________
a) The mean
b) The variance
c) The sample average
d) The estimate of σ
Answer: d
Clarification: It is common that the process standard deviation is not known for the process. In this case, to calculate the PCR, we use the estimate of the process standard deviation.

5. We use _____________ to calculate the estimate of the process standard deviation.
a) Sample standard deviation
b) Sample average
c) Sample variance
d) Sample mean
Answer: a
Clarification: When the process standard deviation is not known, we use the estimate of the process standard deviation. This estimate is calculated by using the sample standard deviation, s.

6. How is s (Sample standard deviation) calculated?
a) s = R/2
b) s = R/2d₂
c) s = R/d₂
d) s = 2R/d₂
Answer: c
Clarification: The sample standard deviation, s, used for the estimation of the process standard deviation, is calculated by the formula:
s = R/d₂.

7. The estimate of the C_p is calculated by ______________
a) (frac{USL-LSL}{6hat{sigma}})
b) (frac{USL-LSL}{3hat{sigma}})
c) (frac{USL-LSL}{hat{sigma}})
d) (frac{USL-LSL}{12hat{sigma}})
Answer: a
Clarification: The estimate of the process capability ratio C_p is calculated by,
(widehat{C_P} = frac{USL-LSL}{6hat{sigma}})

8. If the estimate of the process standard deviation is 0.1368, and the USL for the quality characteristic is 2.00, and the LSL=2.00, what will be the value of the estimate of PCR C_p is _____________
a) 1.21
b) 1.19
c) 1.13
d) 1.31
Answer: b
Clarification: We know that,
(widehat{C_P} = frac{USL-LSL}{6hat{sigma}})
So, when we put values, we get, (widehat{C_P})=1.192.

9. The percentage of the specification band used by the process is calculated by formula _______________
a) P=C_p
b) P=(frac{1}{C_p})*100
c) P=C_p*100
d) P=(frac{1}{C_p})
Answer: b
Clarification: The percentages of the specification band used by any process is calculated by the following formula,
P=(frac{1}{C_p})*100

10. If the process capability ratio C_p is 1.532, what percentages of the specification band will be used by the process?
a) 65.27%
b) 75.11%
c) 44.21%
d) 21.42%
Answer: a
Clarification: The percentages of specification band used by the process is calculated by,
P=(frac{1}{C_p})*100
When we put values, we get, P=65.27%.

11. The one sided process capability ratio that uses the USL of the quality characteristic, is written as ____
a) (C_{pu}=frac{USL+μ}{3σ})
b) (C_{pu}=frac{USL+μ}{6σ})
c) (C_{pu}=frac{USL-μ}{6σ})
d) (C_{pu}=frac{USL-μ}{3σ})
Answer: d
Clarification: The one sided process capability ratio that uses the USL of the quality characteristic is written as,
(C_{pu}=frac{USL-μ}{3σ})

12. For a process, the process standard deviation is 32. If the mean of the process is 364, and the upper specification limit is 400, what will be the one side process capability ratio which uses USL of the quality characteristic?
a) 1.242
b) 1.135
c) 1.125
d) 0.991
Answer: c
Clarification: We know that,
(C_{pu}=frac{USL-μ}{3σ})
Putting values, we get, C_pu=1.125.

13. What is the formula to calculate the one sided process capability which uses lower specification limit?
a) (C_{pl}=frac{μ+LSL}{σ})
b) (C_{pl}=frac{μ-LSL}{6σ})
c) (C_{pl}=frac{μ-LSL}{3σ})
d) (C_{pl}=frac{μ-LSL}{6σ})
Answer: c
Clarification: The formula to calculate the one sided process capability which uses lower specification limit of the quality characteristic,
(C_{pl}=frac{μ-LSL}{3σ})

14. Process capability ratio C_p cannot be zero.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Process capability ratio C_p cannot be zero as the USL and LSL difference can’t be zero and the standard deviation of the process also can’t be infinite. So we can say that that C_p can’t be zero.

15. Increase in process capability ratio C_p states that there is an increase in the percentage of the specification band used.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: We know that,
P=(frac{1}{C_p})*100
So an increase in the PCR C_p shows a decrease in the percentage of the specification band used.