Mechanical Interview Questions with Answers
Question: 1. What Parameters Influence The Tool Life ?
Answer:
Tool fabric
Work cloth
Speed, feed and depth of reduce
Tool geometry paintings machine
Cutting fluid 6. Built up part
Vibration behaviour of the system device.
Question: 2. Mention The Function Of Intermediate Stage In A Generalised Measurement System?
Answer:
Amplify signal with out affecting its waveform
Remove unwanted noise signals that generally tend to obscure the enter
Capable of doing other conditioning like differentiation/integration, A/D conversion and many others.
Aeronautical and Aerospace Interview Questions
Question: three. What Is A Signal Flow Graph ?
Answer:
A signal waft graph of a system is a graphical model wherein nodes represent the device variables and directed branches among the nodes represent relationship between the variables. In a signal go with the flow graph, a forward path originates from the enter mode and terminates at output mode with out encountering any mode more than once.
Question: 4. Explain The Difference Between Rotational And Irrotational Flow?
Answer:
In rotational float the vorticity is non 0 and in irrotational drift it is zero. In irrotational waft the internet rotation of a fluid element about its personal mass centre is zero as it movements from one vicinity to every other. For it, dv/dx = du/dy.
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Question: five. Define The Term Stability Of A Feed Back Control System ?
Answer:
A system is stated to be strong if the output of a gadget after fluctuations, versions or oscillations, settles at a reasonable fee for any exchange in enter.
Mechanical Engineering Interview Questions
Question: 6. What Is Meant By Precision ?
Answer:
Precision is described because the capacity of instrument to breed a positive set of readings within a given accuracy.
Question: 7. What Is Boundary Layer ?
Answer:
Boundary layer is the fluid layer inside the neighbourhood of a solid boundary in which the effects of fluid friction are essential.
Plumbing Interview Questions
Question: eight. On What Account The Boundary Layer Exists ?
Answer:
Boundary layer m fluid glide exists because of fluid density.
Question: 9. Explain The Difference Between Laminar Flow And Turbulent Flow?
Answer:
In laminar flow the fluid particles flow alongside easy, normal paths which can be predicted in properly enhance. Turbulent glide is characterized with the aid of random and erratic actions of fluid particles ensuing in formation of eddies. For waft to be laminar in a pipe, the Reynold’s number is less than 2000 and for waft to be turbulent it’s miles more than 4000.
Compressors Interview Questions
Question: 10. What Is The Difference Between Path Line And Stream Line ?
Answer:
A path line is a curve traced with the aid of a unmarried fluid particle all through its motion. A circulation line is an imaginary line drawn in a flow discipline such that a tangent drawn at any factor in this line represents the course of the rate vector. There isn’t any drift across the movement line.
Question: 11. What Is The Difference Between Steady And Unsteady Flow ?
Answer:
In constant glide the velocity at a given point does now not trade with time while in unsteady glide it changes with time.
Fluid mechanics Interview Questions
Question: 12. What Is Stagnation Point And Stagnation Pressure ?
Answer:
A stagnation factor is one at which pace is 0. Stagnation pressure is the sum of static pressure and dynamic strain.
Aeronautical and Aerospace Interview Questions
Question: thirteen. What Is The Hydraulic-grade Line ?
Answer:
It is the road which shows the variant of piezometric head.
Question: 14. Under What Condition The Thickness Of Thermal Boundary Layer And Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Is Same ?
Answer:
When Prandtl variety is identical to unity.
Question: 15. What Keeps The Shaft In Floating Condition In Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing ?
Answer:
Hydrodynamic pressure evolved within the lubricant.
Mechatronics engineering Interview Questions
Question: sixteen. Why The Elements Of Higher Pairs Must Be Force Closed ?
Answer:
This is necessary to offer absolutely restricted movement.
Question: 17. What Is The Value Of Coefficient Of Friction For Ball Bearing ?
Answer:
zero.1 to 0.25.
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Question: 18. Why Belts Are Subject To Creep ?
Answer:
Due to uneven extension and contraction of belt.
Mechanical Engineering Interview Questions
Question: 19. What Is The Ratio Of Damping Coefficient To Critical Damping Coefficient Called ?
Answer:
Damping factor.
Question: 20. In Which Type Of Lubrication The Starting Friction Is Low ?
Answer:
In hydrostatic lubrication.
Auto mechanic Interview Questions
Question: 21. Whether Bernoulli’s Equation Is Applicable For Streamline Straight And Rotational Flows ?
Answer:
Yes.
Question: 22. When A Plate Slides Over A Parallel Plate, What Is The Relationship Between Viscous Force And The Lubricant Thickness ?
Answer:
They are directly proportional.
Question: 23. How The Stability Of Empty Ship Increased?
Answer:
By including ballasts at the bottom stage.
Sheet Metal Interview Questions
Question: 24. Define Froude Number?
Answer:
It is the square root of ratio of inertial force to gravity force.
Plumbing Interview Questions
Question: 25. What For Manning’s Formula Used ?
Answer:
It is used to determine pace of go with the flow in pipe.
Question: 26. What Is The Maximum Efficiency Of Power Transmission Through A Pipe ?
Answer:
66.Sixty seven%.
Solar Water Pumps Interview Questions
Question: 27. What Is The Necessary And Sufficient Condition For Bodies In Floatation To Be In Stable Equilibrium ?
Answer:
Centre of gravity of body must be located below metacentre.
Compressors Interview Questions
Question: 28. Under What Condition The Thermal Boundary Layer Thickness Will Be Equal To The Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Thickness ?
Answer:
When Prandtl variety is solidarity.
Question: 29. How Laminar Boundary Layer Thickness Varies On A Flat Plate ?
Answer:
It is proportional to the rectangular root of the gap from the leading area.
Mechanical Fitter Interview Questions
Question: 30. Name The Axial Flow Reaction Turbine With Adjustable Vanes?
Answer:
Kaplan turbine.
Question: 31. Define The Degree Of Reaction Of A Turbomachine?
Answer:
It is the ratio of total strain change in the rotor to that in the stage.
Question: 32. What Is Meant By Relative Stability ?
Answer:
If the gadget is determined to be solid, then it’s miles important to recognize the solid strength or diploma of stability that’s referred to as relative balance. Phase margin and gain margins are the measures of relative balance.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Interview Questions
Question: 33. On What Factors The Efficiency Of A Centrifugal Pump Depends ?
Answer:
The performance of a centrifugal pump depends on size, pace and type wide variety.
Fluid mechanics Interview Questions
Question: 34. Define Transducer ?
Answer:
Transducer is an element which converts the sign from one bodily shape to some other with out changing the data content of the signal.
Question: 35. A two hundred Mm Impeller Of Centrifugal Pump Develops Discharge Head Of 2 Kg/cm2. If Discharge Head Is Required As eight Kg/cm2, What Should Be Diameter Of Impeller?
Answer:
four hundred mm.
Question: 36. Why Thin-plate Orifice Is Frequently Recommended For Flow Measurement In Most Of The Cases ?
Answer:
It is suggested due to its high accuracy, low price, and intense flexibility.
Mechatronics engineering Interview Questions
Question: 37. How The Water Flow From A Hydrant In A City Water System Measured ?
Answer:
It may be measured by way of allowing the glide of water from a hydrant and noting down the horizontal distance (x) wherein jet moves the floor and the vertical distance (y) of outlet from ground. Then glide = place of hydrant x
Question: 38. For The Same Size, Length And Condition Of Pipe, How The Friction Head Loss Changes If Pipe Size Is Varied?
Answer:
Under identical glide conditions the friction head loss will increase as the scale change to the four.Eighth power.
Question: 39. How Does The Capacity Changes In Pipe Flow With Increase In Pipe Diameter If Head Is Constant ?
Answer:
At steady head, capability is proportional to d25.
Question: forty. How Does The Head Change In Pipe Flow With Change In Diameter, If Capacity Is Constant?
Answer:
At steady capacity, head is proportional to
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Question: forty one. How Head Varies In Pipe Flow With Change In Flow, If Pipe Diameter Is Same?
Answer:
At regular diameter, head is proportional to (float)2.
Question: forty two. Give Some Properties Of Errors ?
Answer:
Errors provide the distinction between the measured-price and the proper cost
Accuracy of a size device is measured in terms of blunders
A look at of errors facilitates in locating the reliability of the results.
Auto mechanic Interview Questions
Question: forty three. Define The Term Contraction Coefficient?
Answer:
The ratio of area of jet (contracted) and the pass phase of the orifice.
Question: forty four. What For Pycnometer Is Used ?
Answer:
Pycnometer is used to measure specific gravity of the liquid.
Question: forty five. How May Types Of Bonded Strain Gauges Used ?
Answer:
Fine wire strain gauge
Metal foil strain gauge
Piezoresistive gauge.
Question: forty six. Name Various Functional Elements Of An Instrumental System ?
Answer:
Primary sensing element
Variable conversion (or) transducer element
Variable manipulation element
Data transmission detail
Data processing detail
Data presentation element
Data storage and playback detail.
Question: forty seven. Name The Three Stages Of A Generalised Measuring System?
Answer:
Sensing and changing the input to a handy and manageable shape.
Processing/manipulating the measured variable.
Presenting the processed measured variable in quantitative form.
Question: 48. How Is A Pelton Turbine Braked ?
Answer:
A pelton wheel is broken by using a nozzle directing a jet on the again of the buckets.
Question: 49. What Is Static Pressure ? How Is It Measured?
Answer:
The pressure caused at the partitions of a pipe due to a fluid at relaxation in the pipe or due to the waft of a fluid parallel to partitions of the pipe is called static pressure. This static pressure is measured via placing a pressure measuring tube into the pipe sporting the fluid so that the tube is at right angle to the fluid go with the flow route.
Question: 50. What Are The Requirements Of A Control System ?
Answer:
Stability, accuracy and velocity of reaction are the three requirements of manipulate gadget.
Question: 51. What Is The Difference Between Weir, And Submerged Weir?
Answer:
Any obstruction of a streamflow over which water flows is weir. When the downstream water degree rises over the weir crest, it’s far known as submerged weir.
Question: fifty two. What Is The Difference Between Spillway And Siphon Spillway ?
Answer:
Spillway is an important part of a huge dam and presents an efficient and safe way of freeing flood water that exceeds the design potential of the reservoir. Siphon spillway is spillway designed to discharge water in a closed conduit under terrible strain.
Question: 53. What Is The Difference Between Culverts, Stilling Basin, And Standpipe ?
Answer:
Culverts are constructed at the points of lowest valley to pass water throughout the embankments of highways or railroads.
Stilling basin is transitional energy dissipating structure to keep away from the harmful method with the aid of a exceedingly multiplied spilled water.
Standpipe is used mainly for alleviating the brief pressures in big pipeline device. It also works as a stress alleviation valve for the upstream pipe in the course of the turbine close off.
Question: 54. What Do You Understand By Run-of-river Scheme In Hydro Power Generation ?
Answer:
A scheme in which the discharge is varying and most effective that much water may be utilised for conversion as available within the river.
Question: fifty five. What Is The Difference Between Firm Power And Secondary Power In Hydro Power Plants ?
Answer:
The approximate consistent and non-stop strength that’s assured at power station and could be available for the duration of the yr is known as company energy.
In run-of-the river schemes that are usually designed for % availability of water, the firm power would be available for as a minimum % of the years for the duration of the lifestyles of the scheme. However in a few years discharge within the river may be greater than % availability discharge and some more electricity referred to as secondary strength may be generated.
Question: 56. What Is The Criterion For Determining Economic Diameter Of Power Tunnel ?
Answer:
The financial diameter of a electricity tunnel is determined such that the total cost of following factors is least
annual lack of revenue because of power head misplaced due to friction.
Routine annual expenditure.
Question: 57. What Are The Three Functions Served By A Surge Tank In A Hydro Plant ?
Answer:
The three features served by using a surge tank are
flow regulation – act as a reservoir for acceptance or shipping of water to satisfy requirements of load adjustments.
Water-hammer relief or stress regulation.
Improvement in speed regulation.
Question: 58. What Is The Criterion To Determine The Economic Diameter Of Penstock ?
Answer:
The financial diameter of a penstock required to hold a discharge is the only at which annual prices because of the extra investment do no longer exceed the once a year value of ensuing increment energy output.
Question: 59. If Jet Ratio For A Pelton Wheel Is 12 Then Number Of Buckets Should Be ?
Answer:
0.Five x 12+ 15 = 21.
Question: 60. What Is The Difference Between Anti-friction And Hydrostatic Bearings ?
Answer:
In anti-friction bearings rolling additives are added between the sliding surfaces. In hydrostatic bearings lubricant is furnished at a excessive stress to a pocket in the bearing.
Question: sixty one. What Is Inviscid Fluid ?
Answer:
It is the frictionless fluid.
Question: 62. State Law Of Conservation Of Momentum ?
Answer:
The ratio of trade of momentum of a mass of fluid is identical to the vector sum of all external forces acting on it.
Question: sixty three. Define Turbulent Flow ?
Answer:
Flow wherein adjoining layers blend constantly, so that the flow pattern is unsteady, complete of eddies, and reputedly without any mathematically expressible regularity.
Question: 64. Define Reynolds Law Of Similitude ?
Answer:
Two geometrically comparable drift systems problem best to friction and inertia forces are dynamically similar if both have the same ‘Reynolds’ quantity.
Question: 65. What Is The Difference Between Boundary Lubrication And Fluid Film Lubrication ?
Answer:
In boundary lubrication circumstance the ratio of thickness of lubrication film to floor roughness (CLA price) is much less than 1 and for fluid film lubrication situation this ratio is extra than five and less than a hundred.
Question: sixty six. A Bearing In Which Hydrodynamic Pressure Is Generated Due To Rotation Of Jour¬nal Is Called.?
Answer:
Journal bearing.
Question: 67. For A Journal Running In A Bearing Clockwise At Steady State, Where Will Be The Minimum Clearance ?
Answer:
To the left of the burden line.
Question: 68. Out Of Impulse And Reaction Type Hydraulic Turbines, Which Has Higher Specific Speed ?
Answer:
Reaction turbine.
Question: sixty nine. What Is Order Of The System?
Answer:
The order of the system is the order of the highest derivative of the regular differential equation with regular coefficients which defines the machine mathematically.
Question: 70. What Is Bode Plot ?
Answer:
Bode plot is a logarithmic plot used to symbolize transfer capabilities. The Bode plot consists of two plots specifically.
The plot of value in db (on linear scale) vs. Frequency to (on log scale)
The plot of segment perspective in tiers (on linear scale) vs. Frequency co (on log scale)
Question: 71. Navier Stokes Equation Represents The Conservation Of Which Quantity ?
Answer:
Momentum.
Question: 72. What Are The Characteristics Of Precision ?
Answer:
If some of measurements are made on same authentic fee, the diploma of closeness of those measurements gives precision
It is a degree of the diploma of repeatability or reproducibility of the measuring gadget.
Question: seventy three. What Is Meant By Loading ?
Answer:
During the act of dimension the measuring tool takes electricity from the signal supply or measured medium and as a consequence the signal supply is altered. This impact is known as loading.
Question: seventy four. Give Two Uses Of Bode Plots?
Answer:
They are the logarithmic plots used to symbolize transfer functions
They are used in the calculation of advantage margin and segment margin.
Question: 75. What Is The Name Of Nondimensional Group For Ratio Of Inertia Force To Gravity Force?
Answer:
Froude variety.
Question: seventy six. The Head Loss In A Fully Developed Laminar Flow In A Circular Pipe Due To Friction Is Directly Proportional To ?
Answer:
Square of mean speed.
Question: seventy seven. For What Type Of Flow, The Streamlines, Pathlines And Streaklines Are Virtually Identical ?
Answer:
Steady go with the flow.
Question: 78. How The Streamlines And Equipotential Lines Are Related In A Flow Field ?
Answer:
They are orthogonal anywhere within the flow field.
Question: seventy nine. Under What Kind And Condition Of A Fluid The Velocity Potential Exists ?
Answer:
Irrotational drift.
Question: 80. Where Should Centre Of Gravity Of A Body Lie For It To Float In Stable Equilibrium ?
Answer:
e.G. Should be located beneath the metacentre.
Question: eighty one. For Fully Developed Flow Through A Pipe, What Is The Ratio Of Maximum To Average Velocity ?
Answer:
2.
Question: 82. Out Of Centrifugal, Axial And Positive Displacement Pumps, Which Has Maximum Specific Speed And Which Has Minimum ?
Answer:
Axial pump has maximum particular velocity and reciprocating pump has minimal.
Question: eighty three. Specific Speed Of A Turbine Is 800. What Type Of Turbine Is This ?
Answer:
Kaplan turbine.
Question: 84. In Which Type Of Lubrication System The Starting Friction Is Low ?
Answer:
Hydrostatic lubrication.
Question: 85. At Which Point The Cavitation Is Most Likely To Occur In A Hydel Plant ?
Answer:
At turbine rotor go out.
Question: 86. What Is The Difference Between Lower Pair And Higher Pair ?
Answer:
In a kinematic pair, if the elements have surface contact when in movement, the pair is called decrease pair and if elements have line or point touch the pair is known as higher pair.
Question: 87. What Do You Understand By Inversions And How Many Inversions Are Possible In A Kinematic Chain Having ‘n’ Links ?
Answer:
Inversions are exclusive mechanisms received with the aid of fixing exclusive hyperlinks in a kinematic chain however maintaining relative motions of links unchanged with appreciate to one another. A kinematic chain with ‘n’ hyperlinks could have ‘n’ inversions.
Question: 88. What Is The Difference Between Basic Kinematic Chain And Compound Kinematic Chain ? What Is The Criteria For A Chain To Be Constrained ?
Answer:
A primary kinematic chain includes 4 kinematic hyperlinks and a compound kinematic chain is a limited chain of extra than 4 links. A chain is limited if no. Of binary joints and 1/2 of range of better pairs is same to a few/2 of no. Of hyperlinks minus 2.
Question: 89. What Is The Difference Between A Machine And A Mechanism ?
Answer:
A mechanism includes hyperlinks forming a constrained kinematic chain. Its characteristic is largely to transmit or alter movement. A gadget is a mechanism however right here we are worried with forces to be transmitted and it’s far used to adjust mechanical work.
Question: ninety. In Which Type Of Motion, Acceleration Is Directly Proportional To Displacement ?
Answer:
SHM.
Question: 91. What Is The Function Of A Transducer Element ?
Answer:
The feature of a transducer detail is to experience and convert the desired enter into a more handy and viable form to be treated by using measurement device.
Question: 92. What Is The Direction Of Tangential Acceleration ?
Answer:
The direction of tangential acceleration can be same or contrary to that of angular velocity.
Question: ninety three. What Is The Number Of Degrees Of Freedom Constrained In Each Case By The Kinematic Pairs.
Re Volute Pair,
cylindrical Pair,
screw Pair,
Spherical Pair.
Answer :
Revolute pair—single diploma of freedom.
Cylindrical pair— levels of freedom.
Screw pair—one diploma of freedom.
Round pair—three levels of freedom.
Question: 94. What Is The Purpose Of D-slide Valve In Steam Engines ?
Answer:
It controls the piston function for cut off of steam, for launch of steam and compression role for steam in cylinder.
Question: 95. What Is The Purpose Of Corliss Valve In Place Of D’-slide Valve In Steam Engine ?
Answer:
Corliss valve reduces condensation, presents independent manage on admission, cut off, launch and compression, and decreases driving strength necessities.
Question: 96. On What Factor The Size Of Cam Depends ?
Answer:
Size of cam relies upon on base circle.
Question: ninety seven. If Base Circle Diameter Of Cam Increases, What Happens To Pressure Angle ?
Answer:
It decreases.
Question: 98. If Angular Speed Of Cam Is Increased Two Times, How Much Jerk Will Be Increased ?
Answer:
Eight times.
Question: ninety nine. Define Primary And Secondary Transducers ?
Answer:
A number one transducer senses a bodily phenomena and converts it to an analogue output.
The analogue output is then transformed into an electrical sign via secondary transducer.
Question: one hundred. What Is The Relationship Between
Axes Of Spin, Precession, And Applied Gyroscopic Torque And
in Between Their Planes ?
Answer :
The axes of spin, precession, and carried out gyroscopic torque are contained in planes perpendicular to every other, and planes of spin, precession, and carried out gyroscopic torque in the three planes perpendicular to one another.
Question: one hundred and one. How Shear Forces Are Incurred In Fluid Flow ?
Answer:
Shear forces among fluid debris and boundary partitions and between the fluid particles themselves, result from the viscosity of the actual fluid.
Question: 102. In Laminar Flow, How Discharge Is Related To Viscosity ?
Answer:
Discharge varies inversely as viscosity.
Question: 103. What Is Best Hydraulic Section ?
Answer:
Best hydraulic section is one in which for a given move-segment region, the channel segment has least wetted perimeter.
Question: 104. What Is Best Hydraulic Trapezoidal Section ?
Answer:
It is a half-hexagon in shape.
Question: one hundred and five. What Is Specific Energy In A Channel Section ?
Answer:
It is described as the electricity head measured with respect to the channel bottom at the section. At any phase, it’s far equal to sum of the rate head and the water intensity at the phase.
Question: 106. What Is Critical Depth And Critical Flow ?
Answer:
Critical intensity is the depth, at which the release may be delivered via the section at minimum strength.
Critical glide is the glide in open channel corresponding to crucial intensity.
Question: 107. What Causes Boundary Layer Separation ?
Answer:
An detrimental pressure gradient.
Question: 108. What Is The Importance Of Nose Radius ?
Answer:
Nose radius is favourable to long tool life and excellent floor finish. A sharp factor on the cease of a device is rather careworn, brief lived and leaves a groove within the direction of cut.
Question: 109. At What Point Below Free Surface In A Uniform Laminar Flow In A Channel The Point Velocity Is Equal To Mean Velocity Of Flow ?
Answer:
At zero.577 depth of channel.
Question: 110. What Is The Value Of Friction Factor For Smooth Pile When Reynolds Number Is Approximately = 10g ?
Answer:
zero.01.
Question: 111. How Hydraulic Grade Line And Free Surface Of Open Channel Flow Related ?
Answer:
They coincide.
Question: 112. What Are The First And Last Elements Of Tool Signatures ?
Answer:
Back rake attitude and nose radius.
Question: 113. What Is Open Channel Flow ? Explain 4 Types Of Open Channel Flows?
Answer:
Open channel flow has a loose water surface that’s typically situation to the atmospheric stress.
Steady open channel go with the flow : In this example the release and water intensity at any section within the reach do not change with time at some stage in the period of interest.
Unsteady open channel drift : In this situation the release and the water depth at any phase within the reach change with time.
Uniform open channel glide : In this situation the discharge and the water intensity remain the identical in energy section in the channel reach. It is broadly speaking steady.
Varied open channel low : In this situation the water intensity and/or the discharge exchange alongside the length of the channel. It may be regular (including flow over a spillway crest) or unsteady (as in the case of flood waves or tidal surge).
Question: 114. When Does Wake Occur ?
Answer:
It occurs after a separation point.
Question: 115. In Straight Polarity, To Which Terminal The Electrode Is Connected ?
Answer:
Negative.
Question: 116. What Is Hydraulic Radius ?
Answer:
It is the ratio of fluid waft area/shear perimeter.
Question: 117. Define Flow Work?
Answer:
Flow work is the quantity of mechanical strength required to push or force a flowing fluid throughout a section boundary.
Question: 118. What Do You Understand By Dimensional Analysis ?
Answer:
Dimensional evaluation is the mathematics of dimensions and quantities and affords procedural techniques whereby the variables which are assumed to be considerable in a hassle may be fashioned into dimensionless parameters, the quantity of parameters being less than the quantity of variables.
Question: 119. What Is Hydraulic Depth For Open Channel Flow ?
Answer:
It is the ratio of place and the pinnacle width of the channel phase.
Question: one hundred twenty. Which Welding Set Will You Select For Welding Both Ferrous And Non Ferrous Materials?
Answer:
D.C. Generator set.
Question: 121. Which Welding Process Is A Combination Of Arc Welding And Gas Welding Processes?
Answer:
Atomic hydrogen welding.
Question: 122. What Is Hydraulic Jump ?
Answer:
It is a natural phenomenon in open channel. It is an abrupt reduction in flow pace by way of a surprising boom of water depth inside the down movement direction. Through a hydraulic soar, and high-velocity supercritical waft is changed to a low-pace subcritical flow.
Question: 123. What Is Gradually Varied Flow ?
Answer:
The adjustments in water intensity inside the open channel take area very gradually with distance. Depending at the channel slope, the surface situations, the sectional geometry, and the release, those may be labeled into 5 classes : steep channel, vital channel, moderate channel, horizontal channel, and damaging channel.
Question: 124. Explain five Types Of Channels?
Answer:
Steep channel : In this situation everyday intensity < critical depth.
Critical channel : In this case normal depth = critical depth.
Mild channel : In this case, normal depth > essential depth.
Adverse channel : In this example, the slope of channel bed < zero
Horizontal channel : In this example, the slope of channel mattress = 0.
Question: one hundred twenty five. What Is Similarity Between Normal Shock Wave And Hydraulic Jump ?
Answer:
Both are analogous and irreversible.
Question: 126. For What Purpose Chills Are Used In Moulds ?
Answer:
Chills are used to gain directional solidification.
Question: 127. What Is Tumbler Gear Mechanism ?
Answer:
Tumbler gear mechanism is a mechanism which includes number of different sized gears keyed to the riding shaft in the shape of cone and is used to provide the favored direction of movement of the lathe spindle.
Question: 128. What Is Relative Roughness Of Pipe ?
Answer:
It is the ratio of the size of the floor imperfections to the internal diameter of the pipe.
Question: 129. What Is Conicity ?
Answer:
The ratio of the distinction in diameter of the taper to its length is termed conicity.
Question: a hundred thirty. Under What Condition The Effect Of Compressibility Of Fluid Can Be Neglected ?
Answer:
When Mach number is much less than zero.Four.
Question: 131. For Which Type Of Flow The Velocity Distribution In A Pipe Is Parabolic?
Answer:
For uniform laminar waft.
Question: 132. What Is The Relationship Between Center Line Velocity And Average Velocity For A Laminar Flow In A Pipe ?
Answer:
Average speed = half centre line velocity.
Question: 133. On Which Factor The Friction Factor For A Smooth Pipe In Turbulent Flow Depends ?
Answer:
Reynolds wide variety.
Question: 134. What Do You Understand By Pipe Branchings ?
Answer:
When water is added by way of pipes to a junction where extra than pipes meet, them the total quantity of water delivered by using pipes to a junction ought to usually be same to that carried faraway from the junction through different pipes, and all pipes that meet at the junction need to share the same pressure on the junction.
Question: a hundred thirty five. What Is Pipe Networks And What Are The Condition For Network ?
Answer:
Pipe community comprises a number of pipes connected collectively to shape loops and branches. For a network,
at any junction, Y.Q = 0 and
among any junctions the whole head loss is unbiased of the course taken.
Question: 136. What Is Hardy-pass Method ?
Answer:
It is a usually used pc program for a pipe network.
Question: 137. Explain Water Hammer?
Answer:
The force as a consequence of changing the speed of the water mass (say in a pipe because of sudden exchange of go with the flow fee) can also motive a strain rise inside the pipe with a importance numerous times extra than the ordinary static strain inside the pipe. Pressure head because of water hammer = C (V – speed in pipe, C = celerity).
Question: 138. What Happens To Impurities In Centrifugal Casting ?
Answer:
They get gathered on the center of the casting.
Question: 139. Define The Terms Hydraulic Similitude And Dimensional Analysis?
Answer:
Hydraulic similitude is the principle on which the version research are based.
Dimensional analysis is the evaluation of the primary courting of the various physical quantities involved inside the static and dynamic behaviors of water flow in a hydraulic structure.
Question: one hundred forty. Explain The Difference Between Geometric Similarity, Kinematic Similarity And Dynamic Similarity?
Answer:
Geometric similarity : It implies similarity of form. The model is a geometric discount of the prototype and is executed with the aid of retaining a set ratio for all homologous lengths between the version and the prototype.
Kinematic similarity : It implies similarity in movement. Kinematic similarity between a model and the prototype is acquired if the homologous shifting particles have the equal pace ratio alongside geometrically similar paths. It entails the scale of time in addition to length.
Dynamic similarity : It implies similarity in forces worried in motion.
Question: 141. Define Reynolds Law ?
Answer:
When the inertial pressure and the viscous pressure are considered to be the only forces governing the motion of the water, the Reynolds quantity of the version and the prototype must be stored at the same value.
Question: 142. When A Built Up Edge Is Formed While Machining ?
Answer:
While machining ductile materials at high pace.
Question: 143. On What Factor The Friction Factor For A Rough Pipe In Turbulent Flow Depends ?
Answer:
Relative roughness.
Question: a hundred and forty four. What Is Unit Power Of A Turbine ?
Answer:
PHP12.
Question: one hundred forty five. How Cavitation Causes Damage ?
Answer:
In a a closed machine (pipelines, or pumps), water evaporates swiftly in areas where the stress drops below the vapour pressure. This phenomenon is referred to as cavitation. The vapour bubbles fashioned in cavitation generally collapse in a violent manner, which may also purpose giant harm to the machine.
Question: 146. In Milling Process, How The Arbor Torque Can Be Smooth End ?
Answer:
Arbor torque may be smooth quit by way of growing variety of tooth, the use of better spiral angle of enamel, using higher reducing depth.
Question: 147. What Are Webs In A Twist Drill ?
Answer:
Webs are the metal column within the drill which separates the flutes.
Question: 148. What Is Bluff Body ?
Answer:
It is a frame with such form that the waft is separated a whole lot beforehand of its rear cease ensuing in a huge wake, the strain drag being a good deal greater than the friction drag.
Question: 149. What Is Bulk Modulus ?
Answer:
It is the ratio of hydrostatic pressure to volumetric strain within the elastic limits.
Question: 150. Define Boundary Layer?
Answer:
It is the fluid layer in the neighborhood of a stable boundary wherein the consequences of fluid friction are principal.
Question: 151. What Is Creep Flow ?
Answer:
It is float at very low Reynolds variety where viscous forces are larger than the inertia forces.
Question: 152. What Is Torricellis Theorem ?
Answer:
According to it velocity of jet flowing out of a small starting is proportional to the rectangular root of head of liquid above it.
Question: 153. How Does Cavitation Manifest Itself In A Centrifugal Pump ?
Answer:
Usual signs and symptoms of cavitation of pump are noise, vibration, a drop in head and capacity with a decrease in performance, accompanied by using pitting and corrosion of the impeller vanes.
Question: 154. What Happens If Centrifugal Pump Is Operated At Excessive Speeds ?
Answer:
When a pump is operated at immoderate speeds, the differential pressure advanced increases and reasons a powerful pulsating vacuum on the bottom of the blade pointers and each particle of water is pulled faraway from the blade, getting rid of with it a small particle of steel, producing pitting/grooved effect. Repeated erosive movement outcomes in entire honey combing and total destruction of blade, with resultant loss in pump overall performance.
Question: one hundred fifty five. On What Parameters The Head Developed By A Centrifugal Pump Depends ?
Answer:
It depends upon the impeller diameter and its rotation speed.
Question: 156. Which Factors Determine The Selection Of Electrolyte For Electrochemical Machining Process ?
Answer:
Electrolyte should be chemically solid and have high electrical conductivity.
Question: 157. What Is The Disadvantages Of Centrifugal Pump Having Very Low Specific Speed ?
Answer:
For a.Centrifugal pump having very low unique pace, the impeller diameter is large and slim having excessively excessive disc friction and immoderate hydraulic losses.
Question: 158. On What Factors The Efficiency Of Pump Depends ?
Answer:
Efficiency of a pump (centrifugal) depends on the size, speed, and proportions of the impeller and casing.
Question: 159. On What Factors The Cavitation In Centrifugal Pumps Is Dependent ?
Answer:
Cavitation in centrifugal pumps relies upon on the speed of water getting into the impeller and at the relative velocity of the impeller blades wherein the water is picked up.
Question: a hundred and sixty. What Are The Losses In A Centrifugal Pump ?
Answer:
The losses in a centrifugal pump are : Friction losses because of eddies in go with the flow, leakage, friction loss because of rotation of impeller in chamber of water, gland and bearing electricity losses.
Question: 161. What Should Be Done To Avoid Cavitation In Pumps ?
Answer:
In order to avoid cavitation, the suction lift and the operating pace must be carefully selected.
Question: 162. What Will Happen If Speed Of Reciprocating Pump Is Increased ?
Answer:
If pace of a reciprocating pump is expanded beyond a limit, then atmospheric strain would be insufficient to pressure water into the pump at the identical speed because the piston. This would a destroy in the continuity of the water in suction pipe (cavitation) and supply upward thrust to vibration, noise, and chemical assault via any dissolved gases which can be launched from the water owing to the high vacuum and the breaking of the water column.
Question: 163. What Is The Order Of Efficiency Of Cenetrifugal And Reciprocating Pumps ?
Answer:
The performance of centrifugal pump is of the order of forty five% while that of reciprocating pump is around %.
Question: 164. What Are The Basic Operations Performed In A Slotter ?
Answer:
The one-of-a-kind operations accomplished in slotter are :
Machining grooves
Machining cylindrical surface
Machining abnormal profiles.
Question: 165. How The Positive Displacement Is Obtained In Rotary Pumps ?
Answer:
Positive displacement in rotary pumps is accomplished in two ways :
A rotor includes radially adjustable vanes, the outer pointers of which can be constrained by means of a circular casing, whose centre is far off from that of the rotor.
Various combinations of gears, lobes, helices, and so forth. Inside a casing organized so that the lobes or tooth attached to every rotor skip in collection through the equal pumping space.
Question: 166. Under What Condition The Flow And Power Of Pump Vary As Square Of The Size ?
Answer:
The go with the flow and energy vary as size2 while the geometric length adjustments as inverse of change of velocity.
Question: 167. How The Incidence Of Cavitation Detected ?
Answer:
The incidence of cavitation is detected by means of the subsequent so as of look.
Stroboscopic commentary of bubble appearance and size
sensitive acoustic checks of cavitation noise
discount of performance and/or head of three%.
Question: 168. How Cavitation Erosion Is Assessed ?
Answer:
Cavitation erosion is classed through depth of assault or weight of metal eliminated.
Question: 169. At Which Temperature The Cavitation Erosion Is Negligible And Why ?
Answer:
Cavitation erosion is negligible at above 300°C due to the fact the water and steam have same densities at critical temperature of 374°C and as a result there’s no extent exchange or bubble collapse inside the location of this range.
Question: one hundred seventy. What Is An Arbor ?
Answer:
An arbor is an as it should be machined shaft for containing and riding the arbor type cutter. It is tapered at one stop to match the spindle nose and has slots to healthy the nostril keys for finding and riding it.
Question: 171. What Is The Condition For A Flow To Be Fully Developed Through A Pipe ?
Answer:
Ratio of maximum velocity to average velocity ought to be 2.
Question: 172. When A Fluid Is Moving With Uniform Velocity, Whether The Pressure Of Fluid Will Depend On Its Depth And Orientation ?
Answer:No.
Question: 173. How Much Is The Vertical Component Of Force On A Curved Surface Submerged In A Static Liquid ?
Answer:
It is same to weight of the liquid above the curved surface.
Question: 174. On Which Factors Depends The Friction Factor In A Rough Turbulent Flow In A Pipe?
Answer:
It relies upon on pipe diameter and the circumstance of the pipe.
Question: a hundred seventy five. What Does The Realisation Of Velocity Potential In Fluid Flow Indicate ?
Answer:
It suggests that drift is irrotational.
Question: 176. What Is The Difference Between Potential Flow And Creep Flow ?
Answer:
Potential drift assumes viscous forces to be zero however same is taken into consideration larger than inertia forces in creep waft.
Question: 177. For Which Application Mach Number And Froude Numbers Are Significant ?
Answer:
Mach no. Is giant inside the observe of projectiles and jet propulsion. Froude variety is significant within the take a look at of deliver hulls.
Question: 178. What Is The Difference Between Geometric, Kinematic, And Dynamic Similarities Between Model And Prototype ?
Answer:
Geometric similarity is especially for identical shape for model and prototype, kinematic similarity is worried with streamline sample, while dynamic similarity worries the ratio of forces.
Question: 179. A Body Is Floating In Water. If It Is Displaced Slightly Then About Which Point It Will Oscillate?
Answer:
It will oscillate approximately centre of buoyancy.
Question: a hundred and eighty. Why Uniform Ramming Is Considered Desirable In Green Sand Moulding Process ?
Answer:
Uniform ramming effects in extra dimensional balance of a casting.
Question: 181. On What Account The Friction Drag Is Experienced ?
Answer:
Friction drag is skilled on separation of boundary layer.
Question: 182. What Is The Characteristic Of Centrifugally Cast Components ?
Answer:
These have pleasant grain structure with excessive density.
Question: 183. Under What Condition The Separation Of Flow Occurs ?
Answer:
When pressure gradient adjustments suddenly.
Question: 184. What Is The Criterion For Shaping Of Streamlined Body ?
Answer:
It is shaped to suppress the drift separation approximately the body and to shift the boundary layer separation to near maximum part of body to reduce the wake size.
Question: 185. What Do You Understand By Entrance Length And What Is Its Value For Turbulent Flow In Smooth Pipe ?
Answer:
Entrance length of glide is the initial length wherein the drift develops completely such that the rate profile stays unchanged downstream. For turbulent float in easy pipe, front duration is taken as 50 x diameter of pipe.
Question: 186. Explain The Difference Between Friction Drag And Pressure Drag?
Answer:
Friction drag is the drag force exerted with the aid of a fluid at the floor because of friction motion while the glide takes place past a flat floor at zero occurrence. Pressure drag is the extra drag pressure attributable to the variations of pressure over the body floor while float takes place past a floor which isn’t always everywhere parallel to the fluid movement. Pressure drag relies upon upon separation of boundary layer and the scale of wake. Friction drag is because of shear stresses generated because of viscous motion.
Question: 187. What Do You Understand By Choking In Pipe Line ?
Answer:
When precise mass drift is not capable of take vicinity in a pipe line.
Question: 188. What Is The Difference Between Streamline Body And Bluff Body ?
Answer:
In streamline body the form is such that separation in waft takes place beyond the nearmost a part of the body in order that wake shaped is small and for that reason friction drag is a great deal extra than strain drag. In bluff frame the glide receives separated lots ahead of its rear resulting in massive wake and hence pressure drag is much more than the friction drag.
Question: 189. What Is The Difference Between Dressing And Truing Of A Grinding Wheel ?
Answer:
Dressing is the system used to clean the reducing floor of the grinding wheel of any dull grits and embedded swarf so that you can enhance the slicing action. Truing is the procedure hired to carry the wheel to the specified geometric keep and additionally to repair the slicing action of a worn wheel.
Question: one hundred ninety. Whether Hard Grade Or Softer Grade Is Required For Internal Grinding Than External Grinding?
Answer:
Softer graders of wheel are required for internal grinding than for external grinding.
Question: 191. How Is The Velocity Profile And Stress Distribution Due To Laminar Flow Of An Incompressible Flow Under Steady Conditions In A Circular Pipe?
Answer:
Velocity profile is parabolic with 0 pace at boundary and maximum at the centre. Shear stress distribution is linear, being most at boundary