[Physics Class Notes] on Earth Science Pdf for Exam

What is Earth Science?

So, when we try to understand what is earth science, we first have to understand the earth science definition. The earth science definition states that earth science is the study of the planet earth along with its neighbours. Earth science is an exciting new branch of science which has a variety of practical applications that include the knowledge of the earth to locate different mineral and energy resources along with the study of human impact on the earth. Earth science definition also includes the development of various methods to protect the planet and also develop insight regarding the functioning of volcanoes and other natural processes. 

Branches of Earth Science

Now that we are familiar with what is earth science and the earth science definition, we shall proceed to understand what are the four main branches or earth science. Understanding earth is what earth science is all about, so the various aspects of the earth must also be understood. The branches of earth science with definitions are given as follows:

Geology

Geology is the primary Earth science, and the word itself means the study of the earth. Answering what geology is is quite like answering what is earth science. Geology is the first of the four major branches of earth science and deals with the composition of earth materials, earth structures along with the study of other earth processes. Geology is mainly concerned with the changes that have occurred on earth over the years, and geologists are concerned with finding the various fuels and minerals present on or below the surface of the earth. 

Meteorology

The next branch in the earth science definition is meteorology; Meteorology is concerned with the atmosphere and the process that determines the earth’s climate and weather. Meteorology is very practical as everybody is somewhere or somehow concerned with the weather. Meteorology also studies climate change and how it can be controlled. The science has gathered information about how climate change has occurred and changed over time and is a topic of very urgent worldwide concern and discussions. The study of meteorology is critical in the present times. 

Oceanography

Oceanography refers to the study of ocean and ocean floors with an emphasis on composition, organisms, processes, movement, and other things. Oceans cover most of the planet’s surface and are also an essential source of food and other commodities while being increasingly used for energy production. Oceans also have a significant influence on weather, and changes in the ocean may also become a cause of climate change. 

Astronomy

Astronomy is the study of the universe and celestial objects in space. The study of such celestial objects is critical because they impact the earth in various ways. For example, the moon has an impact on the tides of oceans while the sun has an impact on climate and weather. Understanding astronomy is essential in understanding earth. 

Importance of Earth Science

We live in a time when the earth, as well as its inhabitants, faces a large number of challenges, including climate change and global warming. Earth scientists have acknowledged the problem and play a significant role in resolving these problems. Today, we are also faced with the challenge of developing new forms and sources of energy that are being researched and developed by earth scientists. Moreover, earth scientists play a crucial role in knowing how the increasing human population is dealt with and dealing with other threats like volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. 

The Earth Science Formulas

The formula of earth’s magnetic field is B= [sqrt{B_{H}^{2} + B_{V}^{2}}] 

Where B is the earth’s magnetic field, Bv is the magnetic field of the vertical component, and BH is the magnetic field of the horizontal component. 

Did You Know? 

The earth is the third planet from the sun in our solar system and the only known planet to have life. Our planet is about 4.5 billion years old, and like all other planets has been revolving around the sun, taking 365 days to complete one revolution. The earth is not a perfect sphere but is more like a squished ball with the squish being caused by the invisible force of gravity, which pulls the objects towards the centre of the earth. The earth’s diameter is 12,800 km, and it is the fifth-largest planet in our solar system.