[Physics Class Notes] on Protection Against Earthquake Pdf for Exam

An earthquake is basically the shaking of the surface of the earth that is caused due to the sudden release of energy in the lithospheric layer of the earth’s surface. The sudden release of energy in the lithosphere creates seismic waves and these waves are the cause of earthquakes. These earthquakes differ in their magnitude. Their range varies greatly, it can be so small that it cannot be even felt or it can be such a large range that it can cause objects or even person propels themselves into the air. Such earthquakes are extremely violent and can cause destruction to the whole city or area. If we talk about seismicity. Seismicity is actually the frequency, size, and type of earthquake that is experienced by a city or a place over a period of time.

On the surface of the earth, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking the grounds causing the displacing or disrupting of the ground. If the earthquake is a large one then its epicenter will be located at the seashore. In this case, the seabed may be shifted and a tsunami can be caused in such cases. Now, these earthquakes can also cause landslides in the hilly areas and these landslides are the major cause of accidents in the hilly areas. Occasionally, volcanic eruptions are also caused by these earthquakes.

If we talk about earthquakes in the most general way then it is all about seismic events. These earthquakes can be natural or can be caused due to various human activities that nowadays are causing a great shift in an environment only in the negative side  Earthquakes are mostly caused by geological faults, volcanic eruptions, mine blasts, landslides, nuclear tests and so in. The initial point of rupture of an earthquake is known as its hypocentre and just above the hypocentre lies the epicenter of the earthquake.

In this article, you will come to know about the earthquakes, the causes, and the way you can protect yourself from earthquakes and even prevent these earthquakes. Let us now have a look at the article to get a better understanding of earthquakes.

Protection Against Earthquake

Earthquake: A term which is an earthquake is also known as a quake in normal use or tremor or tremblor it is said so because of the shaking of the surface. The term that is seismicity or seismic activity we can say which is of an area is the frequency and the type and size of earthquakes as well which is experienced over a period of time. The word tremor is sometimes also used for non-earthquake seismic rumbling.

Prediction of Earthquakes 

The branch that deals with the prediction of earthquakes is known as seismology. This study is concerned with the specifications, such as the time, magnitude, location of further earthquakes that will occur in the future but within the stated limits only. Many different kinds of methods were discovered in order to predict earthquakes but still after so much effort also the seismologists are not able to find the exact scientific method for predicting earthquakes.

Protection Against Earthquake

In minutes or we can also say the hours and days that are after an earthquake that our neighborhood and community may experience ground shaking and along with that some damage that is in the buildings and landslides and fires that is we can say possibly tsunamis if we are on the coast. The best way to avoid injuries from this damage is to keep in touch with our loved ones and recover swiftly from an earthquake is to prepare now for how we and our family will respond when an earthquake strikes.

For help in protecting our home and belongings too during and after an earthquake so we can say that please we should see what we can do on the page.. For the basic information which is about earthquakes and the hazards which are related.

In case of the emergency management agencies which are in British Columbia, California and then Oregon and Washington and the Federal Emergency Management Agency that is the full form of FEMA and some county and other local agencies provide earthquake resources which is to help us know what to do before and during and after an earthquake. These actions include the following:

Before the Dangerous Earthquake

We need to prepare to be on our own for at least three days with a disaster supply kit which includes water and the non-perishable food and the first aid materials as well and along with that copies of important family documents.

To know how to turn off utilities also.

We have often heard that prevention is better and hasn’t been cured so if we are already having these prevention e measures it will be easy for us to keep ourselves protected from hazardous earthquakes.

Usually, for building owners, their US earthquake insurance is provided to them that will enable them to get financially protected at such crucial times.

Earthquake management strategies can be prepared by the government in order to be prepared for the consequences of these earthquakes.

At this time artificial intelligence may help, just by getting access to the building, and along with it precautionary methods can be planted by them.

Individuals can also play their part in precautionary methods, they can secure water heaters or other heavy matter that may cause serious damage to the people around.

During the Earthquake

We can use the formula of  Drop and the cover and hold

• If we are inside when we feel the ground shake we need to drop down to the floor.

• Then we can take cover that is under a sturdy piece of furniture or seek cover against it. That is we can say an interior wall and protect our head and neck with our arms. We can then avoid the dangerous spots that are near the windows which are hanging objects and then the mirrors or tall furniture. We can say that we can hold the position until the ground stops shaking and it is safe to move.

• If we are somewhere outside to get into the open then away from buildings and away from the power lines and trees as well. We should be alert for falling rocks and other debris that could be loosened by the earthquake.

• One thing that you should remember is that you are not required to panic. You may have precautionary measures, try to follow them in such hard situations, besides this you need to work safely that we try to vacate the building and get outside from any building along with this make sure all the sweet he’s and gas stove, etc are closed or turned off in order to protect yourself from getting any type of major injury

Types of Earthquake 

The one which is naturally occurring.

We can say that the tectonic earthquakes that generally occur anywhere on the planet that is the earth where there is sufficient stored energy are the elastic strain which is of energy to drive fracture propagation along a plane that is at fault. We can here say that the sides which are at fault move past each other too very smoothly and seismically only if there are no irregularities or we can say that only if asperities along the fault surface increase the frictional resistance. Here we can say that most fault surfaces do have such asperities which leads to a form of stick-slip behaviour. 

There are many different types of earthquakes that are named as the tectonic and then the volcanic, and explosion. The type of earthquake generally depends on th
e region where it occurs and the geological make-up of that region. We can see here that the most common are tectonic earthquakes. These earthquakes occur when rocks in the planet that is on earth’s crust break due to geological forces created by the movement of tectonic plates. Another type of disaster is volcanic earthquakes which generally occur in conjunction with volcanic activity. We can also generally measure motion from large tectonic earthquakes using GPS because the rocks which are on either side that are of a fault are offset during this type of earthquake.