In this article, students will learn about solenoids and toroids which work on the basis of the electromagnetism property of Physics.
What is a Solenoid?
A solenoid consists of a coil of wires which when subjected to electricity, acts as a magnetic substance. The wires are wrapped around a magnetic core. The wires are enamelled, therefore, the wires themselves are insulated from each other. Each turn is enclosed in circular loops. The magnetic field generated is equivalent to the total magnetic field generated by the solenoid. The total magnetic field is given by the vector sum of force produced by each turn and can be given by the following equation:
F = µ0nI
where n is the number of wires per turn per unit length, l is the amount of current flowing through the wire.
Types
Electric principles do not differ for different types of the solenoid, their designs, functions or material are supposed to differ. The different types of solenoids are:
What is a Toroid?
A toroid is basically a solenoid bent in a circular shape. It is a hollow circular body with many turns of insulated wire which are closely wound with very little space in between two turns. The magnetic field inside and outside the toroid is zero. The direction of the magnetic field is always clockwise and can be determined by the right-hand thumb principle. The magnetic field equation inside a toroid can be given as:
B = [frac {mu NI} {2Pi r}]
where N is the number of turns in the coil, r is the radius of the toroid turns, and l is the current flowing through the coils.
Differences and similarities
Differences
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In a solenoid, the magnetic field is formed outside while in a toroid, the magnetic field is formed inside.
Similarities
Applications
Solenoids have many applications in everyday life. These applications are given as follows:
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