[Physics Class Notes] on Uses of Transformer Pdf for Exam

When current is transferred from one circuit to another without any physical contact between the circuits, we use a practical transformer. It also does not allow changing the phase and the frequency. Depending on the type, there are various uses of a transformer. The transfer of electricity from one circuit to another through the electromagnetic induction process is known as a practical transformer. It is used to increase and decrease the voltage in the circuit. The increase in voltage is called “step up” and a decrease in voltage is called the “step down” method. A transformer that increases the voltage between primary and secondary winding is called a step-up transformer, and that decreased voltage is called a step-down transformer.

Transformer Parts and Construction

In a transformer, various parts are used for operations, such as the core, windings, brushes, vents, and many more. These individual parts boost up and help to work the transformer overall. To quote simply, in a transformer, there are two coins that are wounded on the same iron core. The material of the core is magnetic and is usually laminated. The coils are bounded and electrically insulated, but due to the presence of iron core, they get magnetically induced. The primary coil P is where the voltage is applied and the secondary coil S is where the output is drawn out. And this entire setup is kept in an environment suitable for better insulation and cooling purposes.

The transformer has three main parts:

• Transformer Primary Winding

• Transformer Magnetic Core.

• Transformer Secondary Winding.

Transformer Primary Winding: When it is connected to an electrical pole, it produces electric flux.

Transformer Magnetic Core: A close circuit will be formed when the reductant path will be linked with the secondary winding. The magnetic flux produced by the primary winding that will flow through this reductant path creates a magnetic circuit.

Transformer Secondary Winding: The flux passes through the core that is linked with the secondary winding. The flux is produced by the primary winding. On the core, the wind is done with the same flux and gives the output of the transformer.

Application and Uses of a Transformer

Power Transformers: 

The transformers which are used for high voltage power transfer applications (more than 33 Kilovolt) are called Power Transformers. They are usually very big. They can occupy a wide area of space.

Distribution Transformers: 

The transformers which are used to distribute the generated power to distant locations are called distribution transformers. At a low voltage, it is used for distributing electricity that is less than 33 Kilovolt in industry. It also distributes 220-440 V for household purposes.

Measurement Transformers: 

The transformer which helps in measuring voltage, current, power, etc. is called a Measurement Transformer.

Transformers are classified according to the place of use, and are as follows:

Indoor Transformers: 

The transformer that is covered with roofs and shelters, just like the industry types, is called an indoor transformer.

Outdoor Transformers: 

The transformer that is mainly kept outside and is used as distribution type transformers is called an outdoor transformer.

Types of Transformers

There are types of transformers based on different parameters, such as the construction or usage for the input requirements. 

1. Transformer based on the Phase Requirements:

Depending upon the phase, there are two types of transformers: Single-phase transformer and three-phase transformer.

2. Transformers based on the Core Design:

Based on the design of the core, there are three types of transformers: shell-type transformer, core type transformer, and berry type transformer.

3. Transformers based on the Core Type:

Based on the type of the core, there are two types of transformers: air-core transformer and ferromagnetic or iron core transformer. 

Three-phase Transformer over Single-phase Transformer

Transformers are used to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another. The mechanism behind the working of transformers is electromagnetic induction.  However, depending upon the phase, there are two types of transformers: single-phase transformer and three-phase transformer.

Advantages of three-phase transformer over single-phase transformer are:

• Comparatively lesser cost

• Lighter in weight

• Delivers more power

• Is highly efficient

• List space is required

• Easy installation

• Less maintenance required 

• Transportation is comparatively easy

• Easy to assemble and repair

• A single-phase power can be derived from a three-phase power, whereas the reverse cannot be done. 

There are various advantages of using a three-phase transformer. But there are also some limitations that might be caused by using a 3 phase transformer over a single-phase transformer, which are as follows:

• The costs are higher as construction is more.

• Repair and maintenance take up a large amount of money.

• If an emergency occurs at any particular site, then the entire area gets shut down.

• If the system is shut down, then immediate maintenance cannot be done.

• If there is any error, then the entire unit needs to be replaced, but in a single-phase transformer, only the particular ones can be replaced.