[Chemistry Class Notes] on Biphenyl Pdf for Exam

Biphenyl forms colorless crystals and is an organic compound. The compounds contain the functional group consisting of biphenyl less one hydrogen. It has a comparatively pleasant smell. It is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the molecular formula(C₆H₁₅)₂. It is a starting material for the production of PCBs. PCBs (PCB polychlorinated biphenyls) were once widely used as dielectric fluids and heat transfer agents. 

It is an intermediate for the production of a host of another compound. The compounds are emulsifiers, optical brighteners, crop protection products, and plastics. Biphenyl cannot be dissolved in water but is soluble in organic solvents. Biphenyl occurs naturally in coal tar and crude oil. It can be isolated from these sources via distillation. It is produced industrially as a byproduct of dealkylation to produce benzene. Biphenyl can be synthesized by treatment of phenylmagnesium bromide with copper(II) salts. This process is carried on in the laboratory.

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Structure of a Biphenyl

Reactions and Uses of Biphenyl

Biphenyl is non-reactive due to its lack of functional groups. The functional groups are the basis of its application. In labs, biphenyl is mainly used as a heat transfer agent as a eutectic mixture with diphenyl ether. This mixture is kept stable at 400 degrees.

Biphenyl undergoes sulfonation which followed by base hydrolysis, produces p-hydroxyphenyl. This is a useful fungicide. These reactions undergo halogenation. Polychlorinated biphenyls are also known as PCB polychlorinated biphenyls were once popular pesticides. 

Lithium biphenyl contains the radical anion. Many solvates of alkali metal salts of biphenyl anion have been characterized by X-Ray crystallography. Lithium biphenyl offers an advantage relative to the related lithium naphthene.

Methyl Biphenyl

It is a colorless nonflammable and highly toxic gas. It is readily liquified. It comprises the family of organic halogen compounds. Used as a fumigant against insects and rodents. Its smaller amount is used in the preparation of other organic compounds. Methyl bromide is manufactured when methanol is reacted with hydrobromic acid. Methyl Biphenyl has a molecular formula of C₁₂H₁₂. The other synonyms used for Methyl Biphenyl are 4-Methylbiphenyl, 4-Phenyltoluene, 644-08-6, 4-Methyl-1, 1-methyl-4-phenyl benzene. It comprises a molecular weight of 168.23g/mol.

Dimethyl Biphenyl

It states its molecular formula of C₁₄H₁₄. The other synonyms found of 2 methyl Biphenyl are 4,4’-Dimethylbiphenyl, 613-33-2, 4,4’-Dimethylniphenyl, 4,4’-Bitolyl, 4,4’Dimethyl-1,1’biphenyl. It has a molecular weight of 182.26g/mol.

Biphenyl Sigma Aldrich

Sigma Aldrich is a life science and biotechnology company, before 2014 it was known as Sigma Aldrich. It was created by the 1975 merger of Sigma chemicals company and Aldrich chemical company. The company has its headquarters in St. Louis and has operations in nearly 40 countries. 

The company is a supplier in the research and fine chemicals market. It provides organic as well as inorganic chemicals, building blocks, reagents, advanced materials, and stable isotopes for chemical synthesis, medical chemistry, and materials science. Biphenyl sigma is Sigma Aldrich’s main biochemical supplier, with offerings that are included. The offerings here included buffers, carbohydrates, antibodies, enzymes, forensic tools, histology and haematology, proteins, amino acids, and their derivatives, peptides, nucleotides.

Isopropyl Biphenyl

It has a molecular formula of C₁₅H₁₆. Its relative synonyms are 2-isopropyl biphenyl, ISOPROPYL BIPHENYL, (1-phenyl-2-propane-2-yl)benzene, 19486-60-3, UNII-W161X7N5AA. It has a molecular weight of 196.29g/mol. It has IUPAC name of 1-phenyl-2-propan-2-ylbenzene.

Distyryl Biphenyl

It has a molecular formula of C₂₈H₂₂. Its many of synonyms include distyrylbiphenyl, ZINC2077606, 1-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]-2-[2-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]phenyl]benzene, AKOS004901829, 2,2’-bis(2-phenylvinyl)-1,1’-biphenyl.

It has a molecular weight of 358.5g/mol.