Environmental Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions on “Ecophysiology of Bioaccumulation”.
1. The local chemical bond that overcome the dissipation energy of chemical, results in _______
a) Stress
b) Fever
c) Headache
d) Bio-accumulation
Answer: d
Clarification: From the eco physiological point of view, bio accumulation is the result of the local chemical bond that overcome the dissipation energy of the chemical, and stress, fever, headache is the symptoms that might be observed due to bioaccumulation.
2. Bio-accumulation in the living tissues can happen when the chemicals accumulated crosses the physical barrier.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The chemicals get bio-accumulated in the living tissues can happen only if it crosses the physical barrier of the living tissues.
3. The toxicant has to cross several sub cellular structures for the ________
a) Toxification
b) Sodium
c) Biochemical degradation
d) Potassium
Answer: a
Clarification: Toxification is the result of several toxicants that can only be imposed if it is able to cross the several sub cellular structures, biochemical degradation is the degradation of bio-accumulated chemicals stored in the organism, whereas, sodium and Potassium are the metals that can be found in an organism.
4. In Zooplankton, bio-accumulation can occur through direct surface absorption from aqueous medium.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Zooplankton can bio-accumulate toxic materials from the surface by direct absorption from aqueous medium, it can also accumulate by feeding on phytoplanktons previously exposed to any toxicants.
5. Which of the following factors doesn’t influence the direct uptake of toxicants during bio-accumulation?
a) Membrane permeability rate
b) Elimination
c) Rate of active transport
d) Rate of active transport
Answer: b
Clarification: Membrane permeability rate, rate of active transport, competitive effect and rate of active transport are the factors that influence the uptake of toxicants during bio accumulation, whereas, Elimination is the process that is responsible for removal of toxicants from the body of an organism.
6. Size of organism is not a deciding factor for bioaccumulation.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Size of organism is the major deciding factor for bioaccumulation as the organisms with larger body has slow bioaccumulation rates as compared to small organisms.
7. The solubility of the toxicant through the membrane is dependent on the strength of the bonds.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: The strength of the bonds is a major deciding factor for the solubility and transport of the toxicants through the membrane of an organism.
8. Lipophilic compounds can enter the tissues of terrestrial plants through ___________
a) Sub-cellular region
b) Food chain
c) Xenoestrogen
d) Root surface
Answer: d
Clarification: Lipophilic compounds enter the plant tissues in the terrestrial regions through root and shoot surface along the entire surface, and not through the Sub-cellular region or the food chain, Xenoestrogen is a hormone that have similar functions to natural endogenic estrogen produced by the body of an organism but are chemically different and synthetically administered.
9. Bio accumulation through roots gets absorbed in the root hair zone.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Bio accumulation occurs through the root hair zone from the aqueous layer of the soil solution.
10. Aquatic algae ingest metals by formation of coordination complexes.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Aquatic algae ingest metals by formation of coordination complexes with the specific transport ligands in the outer membrane.