Environmental Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions on “Microalgal Culture – Immobilisation of Cells”.
1. Which of the following involves encapsulation of cells?
a) Immobilization
b) Enzyme reaction
c) Biofilm development
d) Pasteurization
Answer: a
Clarification: Immobilization refers to encapsulation of cells in some culture by a few polymers like sodium alginate, whereas, Enzyme reaction is usually divided into exo enzyme and endo enzyme reaction, Biofilm development is used to degrade easily degradable pollutant but pasteurization is a procedure of sterilization followed in various dairy industry.
2. Which of the following cannot be degraded by algal assemblage?
a) Alcohol
b) Organic pollutants
c) Carbonic acid
d) Water
Answer: b
Clarification: Bacterial assemblage or addition of bacteria to treat the organic waste can help in the degradation of organic pollutants. Bacteria has this special ability to use the organic waste as their sole carbon source to grow, thereby degrading them from the environment.
3. Which of the following factors of cells doesn’t influence their Eco toxicological evaluations?
a) Stability
b) Size
c) Color
d) Texture
Answer: c
Clarification: Stability, Size, Texture and metabolism of cells greatly influence their Eco toxicological evaluations, whereas, color of the cells is independent of Eco toxicological evaluations. So, color of the cells doesn’t influence their Eco toxicological evaluations.
4. Which of the following factors is not used to determine the response of aquatic environment water and sediment biota to the immobilized cells?
a) Altered growth rate
b) Physiological activity at organism level
c) Fermentation
d) Physiological activity at cellular level
Answer: c
Clarification: In aquatic environment water and sediment biota to respond to pollutants by showing alterations in growth rate, physiological activity at cellular level and physiological activity at organism level, whereas, fermentation doesn’t happen at the sediment biota.
5. Which of the following factors can determine the rate of degradability of cells?
a) Residence time
b) Fermentation time
c) Instability
d) Growth
Answer: a
Clarification: The rate of degradability of pollutants is determined by its stability and residence time in the environment, pollutants cannot grow as they are not living organisms, fermentation is not observed in pollutants, instability is not a measure of rate of degradability.
6. Which of the following is not a portion of degradability of immobilized cells?
a) Very easily degradable
b) Easily degradable
c) Potentially degradable
d) Very fast degradable
Answer: d
Clarification: To determine the degradability of pollutants it is subdivided into parts like Very easily degradable, easily degradable, potentially degradable but there is no such division like Very fast degradable.
7. Which the following doesn’t come under the category of very easily degradable polymer compounds used in immobilization?
a) Sugar
b) Amino acids
c) Organic acids
d) PCB
Answer: d
Clarification: PCB is a very slowly degrading persistent pollutant, and hence, it can persist in the environment for a really long time without being degraded. Sugar, Amino acids, Organic acids with very short and simple polymers can be very easily degraded.
8. Very easily degradable pollutant can be degraded by direct metabolism by algae.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Algae is a potential microorganism which leads to degradation of various pollutants. Very easily degradable pollutants are Sugar, Amino acids, Organic acids with very short and simple polymers and can be degraded by direct metabolism by bacteria.
9. What of the following biological organisms cannot be used to degrade very easily degradable pollutants during algal biomass harvesting and drying?
a) Bacteria
b) Fungi
c) Algae
d) Dioxins
Answer: d
Clarification: Dioxins is an organic persistent pollutant and is not a biological organism, whereas, Bacteria, Fungi, Algae and protozoans can be used to degrade very easily degradable pollutants. This can be used to during algal biomass harvesting and drying.
10. Which of the following methods is not used to degrade easily degradable pollutant during immobilization of cells?
a) Adaptation of bacteria
b) Exo and endo enzyme reaction
c) Biofilm development
d) Pasteurization
Answer: d
Clarification: Adaptation of bacteria, Exo and endo enzyme reaction, Biofilm development and bacterial assemblage are the methods used to degrade easily degradable pollutant but pasteurization is a procedure followed in dairy industry.
11. Synthetic inoculation is a degradation requirement in immobilized cells.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Artificial inoculation, along with Adaptation of bacteria, Exo and endo enzyme reaction, Biofilm development and bacterial assemblage are the various degradation requirement in immobilized cells.
12. Extra substrate obligation is there along with artificial inoculation.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: Additional substrate requirement, Artificial inoculation, along with Adaptation of bacteria, Exo and endo enzyme reaction, Biofilm development and bacterial assemblage with an increased residence time is essential to degrade very slowly degradable pollutants during algal harvesting.