Environmental Biotechnology Problems focuses on “Microalgal Culture – Bioaugmentation for Commercial Production of Algae”.
1. Which of the following needs archaea to degrade a contaminant?
a) Bio augmentation
b) Accumulation
c) Sterilization
d) Pasteurization
Answer: a
Clarification: Bio augmentation is process of biological degradation of various contaminants using archaea or bacteria, whereas, accumulation is the deposition of various compounds, Sterilization is a process of killing the bacteria, Pasteurization is a process used in dairy industry.
2. Which of the following can clog process for degradation of bioorganic compounds?
a) Bad bacteria
b) Algae
c) Archean
d) Bio augmentation microbes
Answer: a
Clarification: Bad bacteria can clog process for degradation of bioorganic compounds and thereby making it difficult for biological degradation, whereas, algae, Archean, Bio augmentation microbes are considered as good bacteria and they do not clog process for degradation of bioorganic compounds.
3. The anabolic processes of algae help in the decomposition of bioorganic compounds.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Clarification: Microorganisms like fungi, Bacteria, Yeast and algae usually uses catabolic process that involves such pathways which help in the decomposition of bioorganic or organic compounds. So, anabolic process of algae doesn’t help in the decomposition of bioorganic compounds.
4. Which of the following can be used to trace back to a biological origin?
a) Sugar portion
b) Potassium portion
c) Carbon portion
d) Calcium portion
Answer: c
Clarification: The carbon portion of some xenobiotic can be traced back to a biological origin to see if these substances were produced oil, natural gas or coal, sugar portion, potassium portion, calcium portion cannot be used to trace back the biological origin.
5. Which of the following leads to shedding of carbon dioxide which is necessary to prevent a drop in pH?
a) Exhaust vapor
b) Fermentation
c) Distillation
d) Removal of heat
Answer: d
Clarification: The two process variants for oxygen supply differ in the stripping efficiency of carbon dioxide for respiration and the stripping of carbon dioxide is necessary to prevent a drop in pH and to remove heat energy.
6. Which of the following process is observed when microalgae growing on a particular substrate can oxidize a second substrate?
a) Co substrate
b) Sugar substrate
c) Potassium substrate
d) Calcium substrate
Answer: a
Clarification: When microalgae growing on a particular substrate can oxidize a second substrate known as co substrate which is not assimilated but the product can be used as a substrate, whereas, sugar substrate, potassium substrate, calcium substrate are certain forms of substrate.
7. Which of the following is a method of adding natural microbes?
a) Bio augmentation
b) Bioremediation
c) Methane production
d) Pasteurization
Answer: a
Clarification: Bio augmentation is process of biological degradation of various contaminants using archaea or bacteria, whereas, Bioremediation uses microbes and bacteria to clean up metal contaminated soils. Methanotrophic bacteria can oxidize methane to carbon dioxide via Methanol, Formaldehyde, Pasteurization is a process of sterilization used in dairy industry.
8. Which of the following enzyme helps in methane oxidation?
a) Methanol
b) Formaldehyde
c) Methane mono oxygenase
d) Carbon dioxide
Answer: c
Clarification: Methane mono oxygenase enzyme acts as a catalyst in the first step in methane oxidation by attacking the inert methane, whereas, Methanol, Formaldehyde, carbon dioxide are not enzymes and hence they do not take part in methane oxidation.
9. The high persistence of halogenated xenobiotic can be overcome by microalgae.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Clarification: To overcome the high persistence of halogenated xenobiotic, microorganisms like microalgae and anaerobic bacteria plays an important role in degradation of various halogenated xenobiotic in the environment.
10. Which of the following factors doesn’t affect the rate of degradation by microalgae?
a) Association
b) Microbial diversity
c) Microbial density
d) Color
Answer: d
Clarification: The rate of degradation by bacteria is highly influenced by microbial density, diversity and association and not by Color, because color doesn’t manipulate the rate of degradation by microalgae. Whereas, other factors can influence the rate of degradation by microalgae.